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Can You Change Repayment Plans While Waiting For PSLF Buyback?


Can You Change Repayment Plans While Waiting For PSLF Buyback?

This question is about PSLF Buyback.

Nearly 100,000 student loan borrowers are awaiting their PSLF buyback applications to be processed. Most of these applications are related to the SAVE forbearance, which is ending in the next 6 months.

The question becomes: what happens if you need to choose another repayment plan because your PSLF buyback application hasn’t processed yet? It’s going to happen to nearly everyone waiting.

And the answer is: yes, you can re-enter repayment while waiting for your PSLF buyback application to process.

For most people, the impact will be minimal – each qualifying monthly you accrue “the normal PSLF way” is one less buyback month.

However, for some borrowers, it could be more costly, since they’re paying PSLF payments today at a higher rate than they’d be buying back at.

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What Is PSLF Buyback?

PSLF buyback allows you to “buy back” qualified periods of deferment and forbearance to gain qualifying payments for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). Since PSLF requires 120 qualifying payments, borrowers forced into periods of forbearance (such as the SAVE forbearance) were unable to make the payments they wanted to.

PSLF buyback solves this by allowing you to make a lump sum payment covering the time you were in forbearance – based on the repayment amount you should have paid during the time. Here’s how PSLF buyback amounts are calculated.

The process, however, is mired in issues. In order to apply, you need to have 120 months of already certified eligible employment. You then submit an application, and it goes into a processing queue. The wait time to process PSLF buyback applications is stretching out to 3 years.

Furthermore, since your buyback is calculated based on what you’re supposed to be paying anyway, for some borrowers, there is minimal savings for waiting – simply doing PSLF “the normal way” would be quicker for the same cost.

What Happens If You Resume Student Loan Payments While Waiting For Your Buyback Application?

Waiting for PSLF buyback does not guarantee any sort of forbearance period. You must continue to make your student loan payments until your loans are forgiven, unless you have some eligible deferment or forbearance you request.

With that being said, borrowers in SAVE must select a new repayment plan by September 2026. This means many borrowers who’ve been waiting for buyback will have to resume payments.

For every eligible PSLF payment you make, it simply deducts from what you’re able to buyback. If you end up completing your 120 qualifying months the “normal” way, your buyback application is simply cancelled.

For many borrowers trying to buyback a period of the SAVE forbearance, this will be the likely outcome. Given that you may be only looking to buyback 8-16 months, and the wait time is 36 months, you’ll likely complete PSLF “normally” before your buyback application is processed.

People Also Ask

What Is PSLF Buyback?

PSLF Buyback allows you to “buy back” eligible time spent in deferment or forbearance to be able to qualify that time for Public Service Loan Forgiveness.

How Is PSLF Buyback Calculated?

PSLF Buyback is calculated by determining your monthly payment under IBR, ICR, or PAYE during the time spent in forbearance. It’s then added up as a lump sum, which the borrower is required to pay within 90 days.

Is PSLF Buyback Worth It?

It depends. PSLF buyback can be worth it for some borrowers who may be able to use older lower income to “buy back” the payment. However, the multi-year processing delay, and length of time in forbearance, may make it not worthwhile for many.

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The post Can You Change Repayment Plans While Waiting For PSLF Buyback? appeared first on The College Investor.

US spends $88 billion a month in interest on national debt, equal to spend on defense and education



The problem with an increasing debt burden is that it costs more to maintain it: This is precisely the issue with which the U.S. Treasury is wrangling at present. As total U.S. national debt ticks over $39 trillion, the interest payments on that value are eye-watering: $529 billion for the first six months of the current fiscal year.

A new budget update from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released yesterday highlights that the government—according to preliminary estimates—paid out the near-$530 billion between October 2025, when the fiscal year starts, and March 2026. This equates to more than $88 billion in interest payments a month, or more than $22 billion a month.

That means the service payments on public debt are roughly equal to spending for the same period on both the Department of Defense’s military budget and the Department of Education. These two outlays contribute costs of $461 billion and $70 billion respectively.

The net interest payments on public debt are also increasing at a pace. For the same period last year, the Treasury paid $497 billion to service its debt. The difference from last year to this is a $33 billion leap—or 7% more than before.

The CBO report notes service payments increased “because the debt was larger than it was in the first half of fiscal year 2025 and because of higher long-term interest rates. Declines in short-term interest rates partially mitigated the overall rise in interest payments.”

The wider debt picture

Efforts are being made to rebalance the books, with the likes of President Trump’s tariffs playing a role.

The CBO’s latest monthly update showed that receipts for the first half of the year totaled $2.5 trillion, an increase of $223 billion on the same six-month period last year. Outlays have also increased, but at a slower pace: up $84 billion from $3.57 trillion in 2025 to $3.65 trillion in 2026.

Despite the increase in revenues for the government, a significant deficit still emerged: $1.2 trillion for the first six months of the current fiscal year. Although this was an $140 billion improvement on the deficit for last year, it still represents borrowing of more than $2 trillion for the full fiscal year.

Of that deficit, the latest report shows that in March alone the government borrowed $163 billion—$3 billion more than the deficit recorded for the previous March.

The update did little to impress the likes of Maya MacGuineas, president of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. In a statement she said: “Both Congress and the president continue to ignore the urgent need to get our borrowing under control. As lawmakers consider the budget process for the upcoming fiscal year, we hope that they come up with plans to reduce deficits from the too-high 6% of GDP to a more sustainable 3% of GDP; secure our nation’s ailing trust funds for Social Security, Medicare, and highways; and ultimately fix the broken process that got us into this mess.”

The Fortune 500 Innovation Forum will convene Fortune 500 executives, U.S. policy officials, top founders, and thought leaders to help define what’s next for the American economy, Nov. 16-17 in Detroit. Apply here.

Ceasefire? Iran tightens its grip on oil trade in Strait of Hormuz on eve of peace talks


Oil was at $97 per barrel and moving upward this morning. And as surely as night follows day, S&P 500 futures declined on that news, sinking 0.37% before the open in New York. The index was up 2.51% yesterday on the prospect of a ceasefire in the Middle East. 

But as dawn broke over Asia and Europe, traders decided to lock in some of their gains from yesterday’s relief rally. The U.K.’s FTSE 100 declined 0.42% in early trading. Europe’s Stoxx 600 slipped 0.55% before lunch. Japan’s Nikkei 225 gave up 0.73%. South Korea’s KOSPI declined 1.61%. 

Look on the bright side, Bespoke Investment Group told clients: “Since the lows at the end of March, the S&P has rallied 7% and is now a little more than 2% away from all-time highs.” It is also back above both its 50-day and 200-day moving averages.

“Clients sold the bounce” last week, according to Bank of America’s Jill Carey Hall. Although the S&P 500 was up 3.4% in the period, the “first up-week since the Iran conflict began, clients were net sellers of U.S. equities for the fourth week” in a row, she said in a note. They net sold $2.6 billion.

Bitcoin ticked up nearly 6% in the last five days to $71K. In case you missed it: Adam Back, responding to a New York Times investigation, denied he is Satoshi, again.

  • The Fed looks hawkish. The Fed published the minutes of its last meeting and Wall Street analysts largely read them as hawkish—meaning that it’s less likely than previously thought to deliver further interest rate cuts this year. That would be negative for stock markets, where investors prefer successive rounds of cheaper money. “The ‘vast majority’ of [Federal Open Markets Committee] participants judged that upside risks to inflation and downside risks to employment are elevated, with many noting that both have intensified amid developments in the Middle East,” EY-Parthenon Chief Economist Gregory Daco said in an email. “Our baseline now incorporates just one 25 basis points rate cut in 2026, in December. It is entirely plausible that the Fed delivers no cuts this year—and that the next policy move could, in fact, be a hike.”

Oil this morning, via TradingEconomics.com:

ONE BIG THING

Warner Bros. Discovery CEO’s $887 million golden parachute

Warner Bros. Discovery CEO David Zaslav should not receive an $887 million parachute payment in Paramount Skydance’s $77.7 billion acquisition of the company, according to advisory firm ISS. Warner execs could collect a total of $1.35 billion after the deal goes through. It’s unclear if Zaslav will have a future role at the combined entity, Fortune’s Amanda Gerut explains.

IRAN CEASEFIRE

One day old and already on life support

Israel struck Hezbollah positions in Lebanon yesterday. Iran accused Israel of violating the ceasefire, which is less than 24 hours old. Iran also hit positions in the UAE and Kuwait today. As Vice President JD Vance heads to the peace negotiations in Islamabad, Pakistan, Tehran threatened to withdraw from the talks unless Israel desists. Vance, in response, denied that Lebanon was covered by the ceasefire agreement. 

  • The Strait of Hormuz remains closed to all but a few ships granted safe passage by Tehran.
  • President Trump continued to yell at everybody on social media. If Iran and the U.S. cannot come to a permanent peace, “then the ‘Shootin’ Starts,’ bigger, and better, and stronger than anyone has ever seen before,” he posted
  • Good news: There will be “NO NUCLEAR WEAPONS” used in the conflict, he said.
  • He also denied the various bullet-point lists described in the media as peace proposals from both the U.S. and Iran. “There is only one group of meaningful ‘POINTS’ that are acceptable to the United States, and we will be discussing them behind closed doors.”
  • He threatened tariffs on countries helping Iran, and promised Iran would be banned from further uranium enrichment

What happens next: Iran gains more control or conflict re-escalates

The most likely scenarios moving forward involve either Iran exerting more control over global energy markets than it did before the fighting started, or the current tenuous agreement merely delays another military escalation by days or weeks, geopolitical and energy experts told Fortune’s Jordan Blum. There is a less likely “happy scenario,” where global energy trade returns to normal—but even that would take until the end of this year.

  • “We think this is going to get worse before it gets better,” former White House energy adviser Bob McNally told Fortune

The conflict will hasten a global transition toward renewables, according to Wood Mackenzie, the energy research firm. Countries that are not self-sufficient in energy—most of Asia and Europe—have realized they need to diversify quickly to not have their economies rise and fall on the whims of the White House or Tehran. The company estimates the conflict “could accelerate a structural shift in global energy systems, halving oil and gas import dependence by 2050 and reducing oil demand by 20% and gas demand by 10% relative to the base case. As countries prioritize energy security, demand is increasingly met through electrification, renewables, coal and nuclear, while reliance on globally traded fuels declines,” it said in an email.

  • 11 million barrels per day are currently “shut-in” (the oil industry term for offline) across the Middle East, Wood Mackenzie says:

MORE FROM FORTUNE

The New York Times says it found Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of Bitcoin. Not so fast – Jeff John Roberts

Why Trump’s 2027 budget could be the document that triggers a debt crisis – Shawn Tully

Meta unveils Muse Spark, its first AI model since hiring Alexandr Wang and a bellwether for CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s multibillion-dollar AI push – Jeremy Kahn

‘You can never really catch up’: The Iran war is exacerbating already high grocery bills, and it will only get worse if the war continues, experts say – Jacqueline Munis

Gen Z workers are so fearful AI will take their job they’re intentionally sabotaging their company’s AI rollout – Jake Angelo

CHART OF THE DAY

Kalshi bettors spend $3 billion a week

Kalshi has a 90% share of the prediction market and its trading volume has reached $3 billion per week, up from $100 million just a year ago, according to Bank of America’s Julie Hoover and Shaun C. Kelley. The company recently raised $1 billion at a $22 billion valuation. 

NUMBER OF THE DAY

$1 trillion

AI, caramba: The amount that must be spent on data-center capex in order for every AI vendor’s sales expectations to be met in 2027, according to an estimate by Vivek Arya and colleagues at Bank of America. The problem, Arya argues, is that 2027 AI capex is currently only trending toward $872 billion for that year. Don’t fret, though! Arya notes that capex spending has historically been revised upward as time goes by.

THE FRONT PAGES TODAY

BDO axes 31 partner roles as AI pressure grows and profits fall – FT

Britain to call for toll-free Strait of Hormuz, says Lebanon must be part of Iran ceasefire – CNBC

Pam Bondi defies House subpoena over Epstein files – Axios

Trump Team Explores Punishment for NATO Countries That Didn’t Support Iran War – WSJ

Viktor Orban Is Fighting for His Political Life – Bloomberg

Federal Court Denies Anthropic’s Motion to Lift ‘Supply Chain Risk’ Label – NYT

ONE MORE THING

You first? On Day 1 of ceasefire, ships avoided the Strait of Hormuz

This map from MarineTraffic.com shows the narrowest pinch point in the Strait of Hormuz, with Iran to the north and Oman and the UAE to the south, on the first day of the ceasefire. Normally, about 130 ships per day happily sail through the middle of the strait. But that big gap in the middle—and the fact that many ships are hugging the northern shoreline—shows that captains were not eager to test the open-sea route without Tehran’s approval. Only seven ships have made it through the gap in the last 24 hours, according to this live tracker.

How bank reserve changes could fuel a CRE lending surge in Q2


Senior economist reveals where commercial brokers can find deals



BCU Credit Union $500 Checking Bonus


Offer at a glance

  • Maximum bonus amount: $500
  • Availability: Nationwide via Life. Money. You.® subscription
  • Direct deposit required: Yes, $3,000+
  • Additional requirements: See below
  • Hard/soft pull: Soft pull, requires TransUnion unfrozen
  • ChexSystems: Unknown
  • Credit card funding: None 
  • Monthly fees: None 
  • Early account termination fee: None
  • Household limit: None 
  • Expiration date: 5/15/26

The Offer

Direct link to offer

  • BCU Credit Union is offering a $500 checking bonus when you open a new PowerPlus checking account and complete the following requirements:
    • Use promo code BOOST
    • Set up $3,000 in direct deposits within 60 days
    • Make 30 transactions within 60 days
      • BCU Debit and Credit card transactions (purchases and payments), Online Bill Pay or ACH payments, BCU Zelle transactions, paper and electronic check payments, and BCU loan payments (credit card, loan, and mortgage)

The Fine Print

  • Offer available to eligible non-members who are legal U.S. residents 18 years of age or older unless prohibited by law.
  • Offer valid 4/1/2026 – 5/15/2026 (Offer Period). Non-members joining with promo code BOOST, receive a $500 deposit for opening a new Credit Union membership with PowerPlus™ Checking, minimum qualifying direct deposit totaling at least $3,000 and at least 30 qualifying transactions into the PowerPlus Checking account within the first 60 days of membership opening.
  • A qualifying direct deposit is a recurring monthly deposit like regular monthly income, such as your salary, pension or Social Security benefit or other eligible regular monthly income, electronically deposited by an employer or other third-party payer into your checking account and BCU Zelle deposits.
  • A transfer completed by ATM, online or teller, paper check deposits, and wire deposits are not a qualifying direct deposit. Qualifying transactions include any combination of the following: BCU Debit and Credit card transactions (purchases and payments), Online Bill Pay or ACH payments, BCU Zelle transactions, paper and electronic check payments, and BCU loan payments (credit card, loan, and mortgage) which will apply toward the monthly requirements in the month they post to your account. Credit card transactions that are posted on the last day of the month will be applied toward the following month’s transaction total.
  • A person seeking Credit Union membership must meet at least one of the criteria found at BCU.org/Membership-Eligibility.
  • New Credit Union membership and PowerPlus Checking must be opened by 5/15/2026 to be eligible for offer.
  • New members will receive the $500 as a deposit into their PowerPlus Checking account by 7/31/2026 with transaction comment ”CHECKPROMOREBATE“.
  • The incentive deposit to the new member is considered a bonus and may be reportable to the IRS on Form 1099-MISC (or Form 1042-S, if applicable).
  • The new membership must be in good standing to receive the cash deposit.
  • To be in good standing requires at a minimum: You are not in default of any loan or other obligation to BCU, you are not subject to any legal or administrative order or levy, and you have not caused a loss to BCU as stated in our Expulsion Policy found at BCU.org/Legal-Terms-of-Use.
  • Existing members are not eligible for the offer.
  • No substitutions for deposit allowed.
  • Offer limited to one (1) deposit per membership.
  • Void where prohibited. BCU’s decisions are final and binding on all matters relating to this offer. BCU, at its sole discretion, may terminate, in whole or part, and or modify, amend, or suspend this promotion in any way, at any time, for any reason without prior notice.
  • BCU employees and immediate family members are not eligible to participate in this offer. Sponsored by BCU, 340 N Milwaukee Ave, Vernon Hills, IL 60061.
  • All bank account bonuses are treated as income/interest and as such you have to pay taxes on them

Avoiding Fees

Monthly Fees

This account has no monthly fees to worry about.

Early Account Termination Fee

No EATF according to the fee schedule. 

Our Verdict

Power Plus has 8% APY for the first 3 months on balances up to $15,000 as well (requires being level 2 and that is direct deposits totaling at least $3,000 in your account, eStatements and 30 qualifying transactions). 

It seems that a lot of people get their accounts opened, restricted and then unrestricted so I wouldn’t worry too much if that happens to you (previous $150 bonus has many mentions of this). We will add this to our list of the best bank bonuses. I’d be very surprised if this lasts long so act ASAP. 

Applying requires a selfie upload for those who care about those sort of things. Requires TransUnion to be unfrozen. 

Hat tip to reader wilsonhammer

Useful posts regarding bank bonuses:

  • A Beginners Guide To Bank Account Bonuses
  • Bank Account Quick Reference Table (Spreadsheet) (very useful for sorting bonuses by different parameters)
  • PSA: Don’t Call The Bank
  • Introduction To ChexSystems
  • Banks & Credit Unions That Are ChexSystems Inquiry Sensitive
  • What Banks & Credit Unions Do/Don’t Pull ChexSystems?
  • How To Use Our Direct Deposit Page For Bank Bonuses Page
  • Common Bank Bonus Misconceptions + Why You Should Give Them A Go
  • How Many Bank Accounts Can I Safely Open Within A Year For Bank Bonus Purposes?
  • Affiliate Links & Bank Bonuses – We Won’t Be Using Them
  • Complete List Of Ways To Close Bank Accounts At Each Bank
  • Banks That Allow/Don’t Allow Out Of State Checking Applications
  • Bank Bonus Posting Times

Oil Surges, Fear Jumps, Markets Recover Off Lows: 3 Experts Weigh In on Stocks, Commodities & Crypto



Welcome to the ‘Market Mavericks’ Show, where action-packed analysis meets profitable trade setups, led by three of the world’s foremost chart technicians. This is your front-row seat to the fast-paced world of trading and investing, stocks, crypto, commodities, and more.

Meet the Maverick Traders:

Gareth Soloway, Mike McGlone, and Scott Melker, three trading legends with a combined wealth of knowledge spanning over half a century in the world of trading. Their unique trading strategies, diverse perspectives, and unparalleled knowledge are coming together to create a one-of-a-kind investing show that’s set to transform your financial journey. For this episode, they joined by cryptocurrency expert and trader Benjamin Cowen.

What to Expect:

– Stay ahead of the game with in-depth coverage of macro news events.

– Explore the world of stocks, crypto, and commodities like never before.

– Gain invaluable insights into economic data and its impact on your investments.

Buckle up, because the ‘Market Mavericks’ Show will propel you onto a path of profit you didn’t even know existed. Don’t miss out on this opportunity to learn from the best and take your trading skills to new heights. Get ready to become a market maverick yourself!

Scott Melker-
Crypto Investor. Ex DJ + Producer. Host The Wolf Of All Streets Podcast & #CryptoTownHall, author The Wolf Den Newsletter.
YT: @ScottMelker
Twitter: @ScottMelker

Mike McGlone-
Senior Macro Strategist – Bloomberg Intelligence
Senior commodity strategist for Bloomberg Intelligence, driving the commodity dashboard BI COMD.
Twitter: @mikemcglone11

Gareth Soloway-
26 year technical trader, macro analyst and has been Chief Market Strategist of verifiedinvesting.com which provides stock day trading and swing trading services since 2007. He is also the President of VerifiedInvesting.com, where you can find his Crypto Swing Trading service as well as Course Education.

Benjamin Cowen-
An academic who approaches cryptocurrency from a practical perspective and uses his science/engineering/programmatic background to package crypto metrics in an easily digestible way for the community.
YT: @intothecryptoverse
Twitter: @intothecryptoverse

source

Aluminum Corp of China shares rise on strong Q1 profit forecast




Aluminum Corp of China shares rise on strong Q1 profit forecast

2 Monster AI Stocks to Hold for the Next 10 Years


The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is just getting started.

Global consultancy McKinsey & Co. estimates that companies will invest “almost $7 trillion in global data center infrastructure capital expenditures by 2030.” The firm’s report observes that this spending figure is roughly the size of the combined GDP of Japan and Germany. “In the United States, AI-related capital expenditures account for about 5% of GDP and have been growing at high-single- to low-double-digit pace,” the report concludes. These elevated growth rates are estimated to persist well into the next decade, and perhaps beyond.

Want to take advantage? You can do so by buying AI stocks directly. But the smartest move may be to buy stocks not traditionally thought of as “AI stocks” but that still have direct AI exposure. This way, you expose your portfolio to the growth in artificial intelligence at a discount. To accomplish this, start your research with the two stocks below, both of which have monster growth potential thanks to AI.

Image source: Getty Images.

1. This Tesla competitor should benefit directly from AI

When it comes to electric vehicle (EV) stocks, Tesla (TSLA 1.08%) gets most of the attention. And it’s clear that Tesla believes the future of electric cars will be heavily influenced by AI. The company recently outlined its expected capital expenditures of 2026, and the budget is dominated by AI investments. Plus, the company recently agreed to invest $2 billion into xAI, Elon Musk’s AI start-up.

Why is Tesla investing so heavily into AI? Because AI is looking like a prime enabler of self-driving capabilities. By 2030, we could see tens of thousands of robotaxis roaming the streets of many major countries, the U.S. included. If an EV maker can’t offer fully autonomous vehicles, it will miss out on this growth opportunity, which some experts predict will ultimately be worth up to $10 trillion globally.

Tesla stock, however, appears to already price in much of this growth. Despite years of declining auto sales, shares still trade above 13 times sales. Fellow EV maker Rivian (RIVN +3.06%), meanwhile, trades closer to 3 times sales — a massive relative discount. And yet Rivian is also investing heavily into AI and autonomy. It’s investing so heavily, in fact, that management has pushed out its timeline for reaching profitability due to elevated levels of capex investment.

Rivian Automotive Stock Quote

Today’s Change

(3.06%) $0.45

Current Price

$15.14

“The company is pouring resources into developing self-driving technology at a pace that makes its original profitability timeline impossible to hit,” reads a recent report from The Tech Buzz. “It’s the kind of move that reveals how the ground is shifting beneath the entire auto industry — build great electric vehicles and you’re still just another car company, but crack autonomous driving and you’re a mobility platform with trillion-dollar potential.”

The jury is still out on whether Rivian’s seismic bet on AI will pay off. But the upside potential is clear versus a relatively cheap valuation.

2. The $10 trillion nuclear renaissance has begun

NuScale Power (SMR +7.64%) is another promising stock that, while focused on the energy sector, has direct growth exposure to rising AI spending.

NuScale Power Stock Quote

Today’s Change

(7.64%) $0.70

Current Price

$9.86

Electricity demand in the U.S. is surging. Through 2030, electricity demand is expected to grow by around 4% annually. That may not seem like much, but from 2005 to 2020, annual growth averaged close to 0%.

What’s driving this demand? One thing: artificial intelligence. From 2024 to 2030, AI’s share of U.S. electricity demand is expected to triple, from 4.3% to 11.7%. Unless there’s a seismic shift in how data centers are designed and operated, the AI industry will need more and more energy on an annual basis. This is where NuScale Power hopes to capitalize.

NuScale Power’s approach to nuclear — specializing in SMR technology, which uses small modular reactors — still isn’t market tested at scale. There are significant concerns regarding costs, construction times, and customer appetite. But experts expect the nuclear renaissance to be worth up to $10 trillion globally, and SMR technology should play a large role in that opportunity.

Nuscale Power’s $3.4 billion market cap should prove a bargain if its technology takes off. But keep in mind that its first plant isn’t expected to generate power until 2030 at the earliest. So this monster stock opportunity will take plenty of patience to see through, with heavy share dilution along the way.

The Question That Exposes Weak Quant Models


“How did you decide which variables to include in your model, and which did you deliberately exclude?”

The value of the question lies in what it reveals. You are not asking for a list of variables. You are asking whether the inclusion and exclusion decisions were grounded in economic reasoning rather than statistical fit alone.

In my conversations with both allocators and managers, the responses fall into three distinct categories.

A strong answer: The manager explains the economic mechanism behind each variable’s inclusion. Crucially, they discuss variables they excluded and why, showing that specification was a deliberate design choice. They distinguish between variables that drive their target factor and variables that result from it. The strongest managers trace a chain of economic causality: how macro forces project onto stock-level signals, and why the model reflects those causal chains rather than mining for correlations.

A standard answer: The manager cites statistical criteria: information ratio, R-squared improvement, significance tests. This is current industry practice. It is not wrong, but it is incomplete. Statistical fit alone cannot distinguish between a variable that belongs in the model and one that introduces distortion while improving fit metrics. This is exactly the trap in the opening story.

A concerning answer takes one of two forms: “We use all available variables and let the model select” signals structural vulnerability to factor mirages. On the other hand, “Our variable selection process is proprietary” may reflect legitimate IP protection. But a manager who cannot explain the reasoning behind their specification, even without disclosing specific variables, cannot demonstrate that the reasoning exists.

Stocks Are Soaring, Gas Is Crashing: 6 Money Moves to Make Before the Iran Ceasefire Cracks


Johnson / Money Talks News

Your portfolio just got a reprieve. Don’t waste it. President Trump announced a two-week ceasefire with Iran late Tuesday, and within hours the entire financial world flipped on its head. The Dow Jones Industrial Average soared 2.95%, the S&P 500 gained 2.56%, and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite surged 3.46% at the open Wednesday. Oil? Crushed. West Texas Intermediate (WTI)…