More than 45% of participants who had a repayment due and filed a tax return fell short of the annual minimum, CRA figures show.
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Nearly 500,000 made no Home Buyers’ Plan repayment for 2025
David Ellison’s Skydance replaces DC Studios bosses James Gunn and Peter Safran with Marvel veteran
Skydance has removed James Gunn and Peter Safran as co-chairmen and co-CEOs of DC Studios, ending a four-year run that began with a hit Superman and was expected to survive the company’s takeover of Warner Bros. Discovery.
Their replacement is Jeremy Latcham, a former Marvel Studios executive who helped launch the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Skydance Motion Picture Group announced the change on Nov. 9. Latcham starts Dec. 1 as president and chief creative officer of DC Studios, overseeing its film, television, and animation slate.
The move puts Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, and the rest of the DC Comics roster under new creative control barely a month after Skydance closed its deal. It also resets a franchise strategy that Warner Bros. has now restarted twice in 13 years.
A reprieve that lasted a month
Paramount completed its takeover of Warner Bros. Discovery on Oct. 6 and renamed the combined company Skydance. Early reports said Gunn and Safran would keep their jobs, even as Warner Bros. film chiefs Michael De Luca and Pamela Abdy were expected to give way to Paramount’s Dana Goldberg and Josh Greenstein.
That assurance did not hold. According to The Hollywood Reporter, Skydance chairman and CEO David Ellison and co-CEO Ynon Kreiz visited Gunn and Safran’s office on Nov. 6 to deliver the news in person.
Gunn and Safran will still produce DC projects, and they are finishing post-production on Man of Tomorrow, the Superman sequel slated for July 2027. Latcham reports to Goldberg and Greenstein, now co-chairs of Skydance Motion Picture Group.
“I’ve had the privilege to help bring some of the most celebrated superhero stories to life on the big screen, and I’m excited and honored for the opportunity to now lead DC Studios into its next era,” Latcham said in a statement.
A $618 million start, then a flop
Gunn and Safran took over DC Studios on Nov. 1, 2022, hired to reboot the DC characters as a single connected universe. The deal came months after Discovery merged with WarnerMedia to form Warner Bros. Discovery.
Gunn arrived as a proven voice in the genre. He wrote and directed all three Guardians of the Galaxy films for Marvel, then made his DC debut with The Suicide Squad in 2021. Safran produced that film, other DC adaptations of the 2010s, and the Conjuring films for Warner Bros.’ New Line Cinema.
Their first release, Gunn’s Superman, opened to $217 million globally in July 2025 and finished with $618.7 million worldwide. It introduced David Corenswet as the Man of Steel and set up a wider universe of familiar DC characters.
The second did not soar. Supergirl cost a reported $170 million and became one of DC Studios’ worst opening-weekend flops this summer, grossing $126 million worldwide amid weak reviews.
The third paid off. Clayface, an R-rated body-horror film made for a reported $44 million, opened at No. 1 and had grossed $109 million worldwide as of Nov. 8. On television, the pair delivered a second season of Peacemaker, the animated Creature Commandos, and HBO’s Lanterns, a hit when it debuted in August.
Marvel’s playbook, 18 years later
Latcham was part of the founding team at Marvel Studios under Kevin Feige. He worked on Iron Man, The Avengers, and Tom Holland’s Spider-Man films, and he collaborated with Gunn on Guardians of the Galaxy.
He left Marvel in 2017 to found Latcham Pictures, whose films include Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves and Bad Times at the El Royale. DC is his return to superheroes.
The task he inherits has defeated Warner Bros. before. The studio’s first attempt at a Marvel-style connected universe, the DC Extended Universe, began with Zack Snyder’s Man of Steel in 2013 and ended with Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom in 2023, after Gunn and Safran had already been hired to start over.
In between came a decade of uneven results, from Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and Wonder Woman to The Flash and Black Adam. Unlike Marvel’s tightly linked films, the DCEU fractured. Suicide Squad and The Suicide Squad are entirely separate movies released five years apart.
Troubled productions and turnover behind the camera made it worse. Fans campaigned for years after the 2017 theatrical Justice League until Warner Bros. released Snyder’s original vision as Zack Snyder’s Justice League in 2021.
Warner Bros. also kept DC stories outside the main universe. The CW’s Arrowverse, including Arrow, The Flash, Supergirl, and Black Lightning, built its own connected TV world. On the big screen, 2019’s Joker and 2022’s The Batman stood apart from the DCEU.
The split continued under Gunn and Safran. Joker: Folie à Deux arrived in 2024, while Matt Reeves’ Batman films and HBO’s The Penguin remain in their own world. John Cena’s Peacemaker, meanwhile, carried over from the old universe into the new one.
What Latcham inherits
The near-term slate is set. Man of Tomorrow remains on the calendar, and Reeves’ The Batman: Part II is still in production, with Steven Soderbergh recently brought in to shoot the remaining scenes. The series The People v. Gorilla Grodd is also in the works.
Beyond that, little is settled. It is not yet clear whether Corenswet’s Superman continues after Man of Tomorrow, whether Lanterns gets a second season, or whether Latcham starts over from scratch and hands fans another round of whiplash. Whether the universe Gunn and Safran built survives is a Riddler-worthy mystery.
Latcham helped build Hollywood’s most successful franchise once. Nearly two decades after Iron Man, he will find out whether that origin story can be repeated, or whether the superhero universe no longer comes with a reliable playbook.
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These 5 Gold Mining Stocks Give You a Different Way to Own Gold
Gold has long been a go-to asset when uncertainty rises, and Newmont (NEM -0.41%), Agnico Eagle Mines (AEM -1.12%), Barrick Mining (B -0.79%), Kinross Gold (KGC +0.30%), and Wheaton Precious Metals (WPM +0.30%) are five gold mining stocks that give you a different way to own gold.
Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the G7, European Union, and other partner nations froze Russian sovereign foreign reserves. Since then, central banks have been adding gold rapidly. Central banks were previously averaging about 500 tons of gold purchased per year.
In recent years, those purchases have doubled as some of the world’s central banks de-dollarize and seek diversification away from U.S. Treasuries and other sovereign debt.
Image source: Getty Images.
U.S. deficits continue to expand, year-over-year inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), remains above 3%, and geopolitical tensions remain elevated. Right now, gold is priced near $4,100 an ounce, and JPMorgan Chase researchers project it could reach $6,300 by next year. Here’s why these five gold stocks could be smart additions to your portfolio today.
Newmont is the world’s largest gold producer
Newmont is a behemoth in the gold mining world and the largest company by production, reserves, and market capitalization. The company operates across North America, South America, Australia, and West Africa, and its scale and diversified portfolio help ensure that no single mine failure or regional crisis significantly impacts the business.
NEM Newmont
$119.47-$0.49 (-0.41%)
NYSE · As of 12:15 PM ET 11/11/26
Newmont is a massive company, and its inclusion in the S&P 500 index makes it a popular gold-mining stock among mutual funds, wealth managers, and macro hedge funds. The company is also a major copper producer. For investors seeking broad diversification, Newmont’s massive scale makes it a popular choice, though upside could be more limited than more nimble or leveraged operators.
Agnico Eagle is a low-cost operator with high-quality assets
Agnico Eagle Mines isn’t as spread out across the globe as Newmont. Instead, it focuses heavily on the Abitibi gold belt in Canada where roughly 86% of its total gold production takes place. By clustering operations in Canada, Agnico can share processing, infrastructure, power grids, and its labor force, which helps keep its all-in sustaining costs (AISC) relatively low.
In addition, Canada has some of the highest-grade Archean greenstone gold systems in the world, meaning Agnico produces more ounces per ton of rock. Because Agnico focuses primarily on Tier-1 assets, the stock often trades at a slight premium to peers like Newmont and Barrick, as it doesn’t face the same geopolitical risks.
Barrick trades at a lower valuation and has a growing copper business
Barrick Mining is another major gold miner that rebranded itself from Barrick Gold to better reflect its expansion into copper. The company owns high-grade, low-cost gold systems worldwide, along with major copper assets in Zambia, Saudi Arabia, and South America, as well as a large open-pit copper-and-gold development in Pakistan.
B Barrick Mining
$39.38-$0.32 (-0.79%)
NYSE · As of 12:20 PM ET 11/11/26
Barrick tends to trade at a lower multiple than Agnico and Newmont. Its lower multiple largely reflects its heightened exposure to less stable geographic regions. While Agnico operates mainly in Canada, roughly half of Barrick’s operations and growth pipeline is in developing or volatile nations that face political and regional risks.
The company trades at a lower valuation and is a solid choice for value investors who believe the stock can rerate higher. It also provides exposure to both gold and copper, giving investors upside exposure to growing demand for these metals.
Kinross provides high-beta exposure to gold prices
Kinross Gold operates across North America, South America, and Africa, and offers investors more volatile exposure, or higher beta, to rising gold prices. That’s because the company has historically operated with a narrower profit margin per ounce, magnifying moves in gold and making Kinross a higher-leverage play to capitalize on higher gold prices but also riskier if gold prices pull back.
Wheaton benefits from rising prices without bearing inflation risk
Wheaton Precious Metals is a unique play on precious metals. That’s because the company doesn’t own or operate mines itself. Instead, it provides capital to mining companies to help fund mine construction. In return, the company has the right to purchase a percentage of the mine’s future gold, silver, or cobalt at a predetermined cash price.
WPM Wheaton Precious Metals
$137.03+$0.41 (+0.30%)
NYSE · As of 12:20 PM ET 11/11/26
Known as a streaming or royalty business model, Wheaton doesn’t bear the costs of owning a mine, such as labor, equipment, or fuel. As a result, the company benefits from 100% of the upside when precious metal prices rise. This makes Wheaton Precious Metals a solid gold stock for investors seeking exposure to rising gold prices while mitigating the inflation effects gold miners face.
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Student Loan Delinquency Hits 10.9% In New York Fed Q3 2026 Report
Key Points
- 10.9% of the $1.656 trillion in student loan balances on credit reports was 90 or more days late or in default at the end of September 2026, up from 10.6% in the second quarter and 9.4% a year earlier.
- The rate of balances newly falling 90 days behind dropped to 7.72% from 14.26% a year earlier, because the 2025 reporting surge has aged out of the Fed’s four-quarter measure.
- Borrowers 50 and older now fall into serious delinquency faster than any younger age group, and many hold Parent PLUS loans that lost access to income-driven repayment if they weren’t consolidated by June 30, 2026.
Student loan delinquency kept climbing in the third quarter of 2026, according to the New York Fed’s Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit. The share of student loan balances 90 or more days past due or in default rose to 10.9%, up from 10.6% in the second quarter.
Student loans now make up about 8.7% of the $19.1 trillion in total household debt. You can see our full breakdown of student loan debt statistics.
Total student loan debt increased $5 billion in the quarter to $1.656 trillion. Over the past year, student loan balances grew just $3 billion, the smallest increase of any debt category in the report.
The Fed also reported that the rate of balances newly moving into serious delinquency fell to 7.72%, down from 14.26% in the third quarter of 2025. That continues the slowdown we reported in the New York Fed’s second-quarter student loan data. This simply means the pace of borrowers falling behind has slowed by almost half from a year ago. However, more people are still behind overall.
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Why It Matters
Using the Fed’s figures, The College Investor calculates that about $180 billion in student loan balances was 90 or more days late or in default at the end of September. A year earlier, the same math put that figure near $155 billion. That’s an increase of about $25 billion in 12 months, even as new delinquencies slowed.
Each late payment also negatively impacts borrower credit reports, and more than 2.2 million newly delinquent borrowers lost over 100 credit points when reporting resumed in 2025.
Serious delinquency is the last stop before default. Federal student loans default after 270 days without a payment, and the U.S. Treasury now handles collections on defaulted federal student loans. Borrowers in default face aggressive collections when it resumes, including wage garnishments, tax offsets, and more.
You can see what this looks like and how this compares to pre-pandemic levels in the table below.
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Student Loans Before The Pandemic Pause Vs. Q3 2026
| Measure | Q4 2019 (Pre-Pause) | Q3 2025 | Q3 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Student Loan Balance | $1.51 trillion | $1.653 trillion | $1.656 trillion |
| Share Of Balances 90+ Days Late | 11.1% | 9.4% | 10.9% |
| Balances Newly 90+ Days Late | 9.21% | 14.26% | 7.72% |
| Dollars 90+ Days Late | About $168 billion | About $155 billion | About $180 billion |
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The College Investor.
Why Is Delinquency Rising If Fewer Borrowers Are Falling Behind?
It’s confusing to see that the rate of borrowers falling behind has fallen so much while the total amount of borrowers delinquent has increased.
The 10.9% figure is a snapshot of every student loan balance that is seriously late at the end of the quarter. The 7.72% figure counts balances that newly crossed 90 days late, and the Fed calculates it as a four-quarter moving sum. Both come from the Fed’s Equifax credit panel, the same source behind earlier New York Fed data on 3.6 million new defaults.
That four-quarter tracking window explains the drop. Servicers resumed reporting missed federal student loan payments to credit bureaus in early 2025, which set off a record wave of borrowers behind on payments. That surge has now aged out of the Fed’s window, cutting the flow rate nearly in half.
Today’s 7.72% is also below the 9.21% rate the Fed reported for the fourth quarter of 2019.
The rising 10.9% rate tells the other half of the story. Balances keep entering serious delinquency faster than borrowers pay them off, catch up or get them forgiven. Federal Student Aid data points the same direction, with defaults up about 400,000 borrowers in the quarter ending June 30 to more than 9.3 million. We won’t see the next batch of federal student aid data until December.
How Does Today Compare To Before The Pandemic Pause?
The share of student loan balances 90 or more days late is back almost exactly where it stood before the Covid-19 pandemic pause.
The Fed reported 11.1% of balances were 90+ days late in the fourth quarter of 2019, the last full quarter before federal student loan payments and collections stopped in March 2020. It reported 10.8% in the first quarter of 2020, so today’s 10.9% sits between those two readings.
Balances have grown since then, from $1.51 trillion at the end of 2019 to $1.656 trillion today. The same math puts seriously delinquent student debt at about $168 billion in late 2019, compared with about $180 billion now. Delinquency has returned to its pre-pandemic level, and that level left roughly one in nine dollars of student debt seriously behind.
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Share Of Student Loan Balances 90+ Days Late, 2019 Vs. Today
Percent of balances 90 or more days past due or in default. Q4 2019 is the last full quarter before the March 2020 payment pause.
11.1%
7.8%
10.2%
9.4%
9.6%
10.3%
10.6%
10.9%
Q4 2019
Q1 2025
Q2 2025
Q3 2025
Q4 2025
Q1 2026
Q2 2026
Q3 2026
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The College Investor.
Which Borrowers Are Falling Behind Fastest?
Borrowers 50 and older now move into serious delinquency at a higher rate than any other age group, according to the Fed’s age breakdown. Borrowers 18 to 29 have the lowest rate. That carries extra risk for older borrowers, since the government can garnish part of Social Security benefits to collect defaulted federal student loans.
How do borrowers over 50 have so much student loan debt? Well, it’s generally a combination of paying for their children’s college through Parent Plus Loans and/or going back to graduate school later in life. You’ll notice that these are two areas that the new One Big Beautiful Build Act has put new loan limits on moving forward.
A Government Accountability Office report found that about 2.19 million of the 3.1 million Parent PLUS borrowers were 50 or older in fiscal 2015 (the last year with public age data). That’s about 70%.
Federal Student Aid counted 3.6 million Parent PLUS borrowers owing about $115 billion as of March 31, 2026, so roughly 2.5 million would be 50 or older if the 2015 age mix still holds.
What Changed For Parent PLUS Borrowers On July 1, 2026?
Parent PLUS borrowers also lost their income-driven repayment options on July 1, 2026. Only parents whose Direct Consolidation Loan was disbursed by June 30, 2026 can still use Income-Contingent Repayment, then move to Income-Based Repayment before ICR ends on July 1, 2028. Parent PLUS loans can never use the new Repayment Assistance Plan at all.
Parents who missed the deadline are left with fixed payments. Un-consolidated Parent PLUS loans keep the Standard, Graduated and Extended plans, while a consolidation completed after July 1, 2026 is limited to the Tiered-Standard plan. These parents also lose the pathway to Public Service Loan Forgiveness since they don’t have access to an eligible repayment plan. Taking out any new Parent PLUS loan after July 1 shuts off income-driven repayment for all of a parent’s Parent PLUS debt, even for parents who consolidated in time. We’re seeing this happen now to parents who are still borrowing for children in college.
Could More Parent PLUS Borrowers Qualify For Bankruptcy Discharge?
The College Investor believes Parent PLUS borrowers who missed the deadline may now have a better shot at discharging their student loans in bankruptcy than ever before. Bankruptcy still requires proof of undue hardship through a separate lawsuit called an adversary proceeding, and a judge makes the final decision. However, now with the lack of income-driven repayment options, the ability to prove undue hardship has likely increased.
The Justice Department’s 2022 guidance for government attorneys (PDF File) sets out when the government will agree that a borrower meets that bar. Anyone weighing this route should talk with a bankruptcy attorney first.
That guidance measures ability to pay against the Standard plan payment, not an income-driven payment. It also says that not enrolling in an income-driven repayment plan doesn’t, by itself, show a lack of good faith. A Parent PLUS borrower locked out of income-driven repayment has no lower, income-based payment the government can point to as proof the debt is affordable.
The guidance also presumes hardship will last when the borrower is 65 or older or the student loans have been in repayment for at least 10 years.
Why Did Student Loan Balances Barely Grow?
Fall disbursements usually lift third-quarter balances significantly, but this year’s $5 billion increase was one-third of the $15 billion rise in the third quarter of 2025. The Fed doesn’t say why.
This was the first fall under the new federal borrowing caps, including the end of Grad PLUS loans for new graduate students.
How This Connects
The Fed’s $180 billion figure and FSA’s count of about $234 billion in defaulted federal student loans are separate measurements.
The Fed samples Equifax credit reports covering federal and private student loans, and it excludes accounts a lender hasn’t reported within three months. FSA counts defaults directly from the federal portfolio, the more direct source that shows a $180 billion default figure for December 2025.
For borrowers with their own federal student loans who are behind but not yet in default, an income-driven repayment plan is the way to avoid default. The Repayment Assistance Plan sets payments as low as $10 a month, and our RAP calculator shows what a payment would be. A borrower with $45,000 in adjusted gross income and no dependents would pay about $150 a month under RAP, or 4% of their income. Collections, on the other hand, will take 15% of their income along with any tax refunds, a significantly higher amount than their RAP payment.
Borrowers already in default can get out through rehabilitation or consolidation. Rehabilitation takes nine on-time payments and removes the default from a credit report. Consolidation is faster, but the default record stays.
It’s important to remember that wage garnishment costs more than any repayment plan for nearly every borrower, so defaulting is never a smart path.
What’s Next
FSA’s next quarterly portfolio update, with data through September 30, will show whether defaults kept rising through the summer. The Education Department and Treasury have said they plan to restart wage garnishment on defaulted federal student loans after pausing it earlier in 2026.
The New York Fed’s fourth-quarter report, due in early 2027, will show whether the 10.9% delinquency rate keeps climbing.
Editor: Colin Graves
The post Student Loan Delinquency Hits 10.9% In New York Fed Q3 2026 Report appeared first on The College Investor.
Retail investors pile into corporate bonds as yields near 6%
Retail investors pile into corporate bonds as yields near 6%
BofA Rewards Members Can Get Free GHA Titanium Status
BofA Rewards Members Can Get Free GHA Titanium Status
Some Bank of America Rewards members can get GHA DISCOVERY Titanium status for free, which is the top tier in the hotel loyalty program.
The offer is available to BofA Rewards Preferred Honors and Premier members and runs through January 7, 2027. Let’s see how this offer works, and what you can get with Titanium status.
Who Is Eligible?
You need to have one of these BofA Rewards tiers:
- Preferred Honors – requires $100,000 to under $1 million in qualifying Bank of America and Merrill balances
- Premier – requires $1 million or more
Bank of America bases your tier on qualifying balances across eligible Bank of America deposit accounts and Merrill accounts.
You can see the offer here after you log in.
What You Get
Eligible members can fast-track directly to GHA DISCOVERY Titanium status.
Titanium benefits include:
- 7% back in DISCOVERY Dollars
- Double room upgrade, when available
- Complimentary breakfast at participating brands
- 11 AM early check-in, when available
- 4 PM late checkout, when available
- 48-hour room availability guarantee
- Welcome amenity
Status Sharing is not included when Titanium is obtained through this partnership offer.
How Long Does Status Last?
The terms say the status is valid for the rest of the calendar year in which you enroll, plus the following calendar year.
So if you enroll now in November 2026, your Titanium status should run through the end of 2027.
But if the offer is still available and you wait until January 1 through January 7, 2027, your status should last through the end of 2028.
What Is GHA DISCOVERY?
GHA DISCOVERY is the loyalty program for the Global Hotel Alliance, which includes more than 60 hotel brands. GHA rewards members with DISCOVERY Dollars, which can be used toward eligible hotel charges at participating properties.
Some of the better-known names include Kempinski, Anantara, Capella, Pan Pacific, PARKROYAL, Viceroy, NH Hotels, NH Collection, Tivoli and OUTRIGGER.
HT: Frequent Miler
Rate taps VP of mortgage lending, NEXA names sales director
Pennymac elevates Kevin Ryan to chief financial officer
Pennymac announced that Kevin Ryan will assume the role of chief financial officer effective January 1, 2027. Ryan currently serves as chief strategy officer and will continue to lead the strategy and business development teams in his new role. Current chief financial officer Daniel Perotti will continue to support the company in an advisory role through the first quarter of 2027.
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Rate welcomes David Cline as VP of mortgage lending
Chicago-based fintech company Rate announced that David Cline has joined the organization as vice president of mortgage lending, bringing an established national business serving professional athletes, high-net-worth individuals and luxury homebuyers. Cline consistently funds more than $100 million in annual production volume and has built a specialized mortgage business serving athletes, as well as executives and multigenerational wealthy families. His business spans luxury and professional sports markets nationwide, with particularly strong relationships in Miami, Dallas, Nashville, Tennessee, and Colorado. He joins Rate after 18 years at U.S. Bank.
NEXA Lending names Susie Cheatham national sales director
NEXA Lending appointed Susie Cheatham as national sales director, with a focus on national recruiting, business development and expanding the company’s internal coaching initiatives. Cheatham began her mortgage career as a loan originator before transitioning into leadership roles. During her tenure at Bay Equity, she progressed from managing a Kansas City branch to overseeing a regional organization that ranked among the company’s top three in both units and volume, including expanding operations into the Dallas market. She also worked with NEXA CEO Geri Farr at Bay Equity.
MBA appoints associate VP of commercial real estate research
The Mortgage Bankers Association announced Steve Guggenmos has joined the organization as associate vice president of commercial real estate research. Prior to joining the MBA, Guggenmos served as director of housing market research at Griffin Capital and founded Guggenmos, LLC, where he served as principal. He also spent more than 20 years at Freddie Mac, most recently serving as vice president of multifamily research and modeling.
ServiceLink promotes president of default services division
ServiceLink, a mortgage services provider, elevated Dave Steinmetz to president of its default services division, effective January 1, 2027. Steinmetz previously served as president of ServiceLink’s origination businesses for the past 15 years. He joined the company in 1993 and has held roles across all operational units, including senior vice president of default services. He succeeds Miriam Moore, who led the default services division for 15 years and will transition to the role of executive advisor.
Longbridge Financial taps president and chief commercial officer
Longbridge Financial, a national mortgage lender and servicer specializing in home equity solutions for older Americans, promoted Melissa Macerato from chief revenue and marketing officer to president and chief commercial officer. Macerato has been a key member of Longbridge’s leadership team since joining the company in 2012. She previously led reverse mortgage sales at MetLife and MetLife Bank, where she hired more than 150 salespeople and managers. Prior to joining Longbridge, she held positions at GE Capital as a senior director and at MBNA America as a vice president.
Foundation Mortgage announces SVP of valuations
Non-QM lender Foundation Mortgage appointed Stephanie Holdsworth as senior vice president of valuations, where she will lead the company’s newly established valuations team. Holdsworth brings extensive experience in valuation operations, appraisal management and risk management from senior leadership roles with JPMorgan Chase, where she served in multiple vice president positions across valuation operations, vendor management, servicing and appraisal fulfillment. She joins from Nationwide Appraisal Network, where she served as chief operating officer, following a similar role at Class Valuation.
Visio Lending hires ex-Citi executive to leadership position
Visio Lending, an Austin, Texas-based lender specializing in debt service coverage ratio loans for residential real estate investors, announced that Ashley Shetler joined the company as vice president of underwriting, collateral and quality control.
Shetler brings more than 20 years of experience across consumer mortgage, small business lending and consumer banking. She joins from Citi, where she served as senior vice president and senior credit group leader, overseeing retail mortgage and home equity line of credit underwriting teams. Earlier in her career, Shetler held roles at Bank of America spanning small business credit, mortgage lending and consumer banking.
Nations Lending makes major changes to leadership team
Independence, Ohio-based Nations Lending promoted Eric Roman to president and Cindy Baird to chief operating officer. Roman previously served as chief operating officer and was one of the company’s original nine employees when it was founded in 2003. His background includes more than 25 years in the lending industry and service as a sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps. Baird joined Nations Lending in 2022 as executive vice president of national operations.
FHLBank of New York names interim president and CEO
The Federal Home Loan Bank of New York announced that Jonathan West was named interim president and CEO. The appointment follows the resignation of Randolph Snook. West joined the company in 2015 as senior vice president and chief legal officer, and had served as chief of staff and senior advisor since February 2026. Prior to joining the New York bank, he served as executive vice president and chief operating officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis, bringing more than 40 years of experience within the FHLBank System to his new role.
Fairway Home Mortgage brings back North Carolina team
Fairway Home Mortgage welcomed back regional managers Jeff Gilmore and Matt Gray, along with their 28-member Fairway Custom Mortgage team in September after a two-year absence. The North Carolina-based team brings $250 million in loan production back to the lender. The team previously worked at Fairway from 2010 to 2024 before spending two years with another company. The return is part of a broader trend at Fairway, with 159 employees rejoining over the past year, including 52 originators representing $558 million in loan production.
New American Funding adds to Southern California team
New American Funding welcomed The Brandon Drew Group, a family-run lending team, to the company. Founded by husband and wife Robert and Colleen Olivas, the Southern California-based group holds a 99% close-to-fund rate on submitted applications. The Brandon Drew Group has been recognized as a top originator by Scotsman Guide every year since 2019 and specializes in serving first-time homebuyers, veterans and active military.
NEO Home Loans welcomes two new teams
NEO Home Loans, powered by Better Home & Finance, welcomed Daniel Halvorsen and his Jacksonville, Florida-based team to its platform. The nine-person team adds more than $140 million in trailing 12-month origination volume and brings reach in the Northeast Florida purchase market. Halvorsen has more than 15 years of mortgage experience and has personally funded more than $1 billion in career loan volume.
Josh Burruss and The Home Team also joined NEO as a producing branch, with Burruss set to serve as head of retail innovation. The team brings $82.5 million in 2025 funded volume onto the platform and extends Better’s presence in the Washington, D.C., area. Burruss started in the mortgage business as an 18-year-old intern and has spent 24 years in the industry across origination, product development, coaching, leadership and training. Purchase lending made up 78% of the team’s business over the last year, with much of that coming through partnerships with homebuilders and real estate agents in the region.
Real Brokerage onboards 30-agent team
The Real Brokerage Inc., a technology-enabled real estate platform, announced that Cody Burger and Dennis Buchheit are bringing their 30-agent brokerage, previously operating as Unlimited, to the company under the name The Team. Based in Dubuque, Iowa, The Team has completed approximately 5,000 transactions valued at $1.2 billion since 2020 across Iowa, Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Burger has overseen business operations while maintaining an active real estate practice, with approximately $15 million in personal transaction volume expected in 2026. Buchheit brings a 30-plus-year real estate career and is co-owner of numerous businesses including property management, insurance, HVAC, cleaning and construction companies.
Radian taps two new members to c-suite
Radian announced several executive leadership appointments to support its growth strategy. Dan Kobell was named chief financial officer, a role he had worked in on an interim basis since February 2026. Kobell joined Radian in 2015 and has held finance leadership roles of increasing responsibility. Courtney Smith Goodrich joined as chief information officer from Fannie Mae, where she served as chief strategy and transformation officer. She previously held executive leadership positions at Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase.
The company also tapped Russell Merrett to lead property and casualty strategy in a newly created role. A founder and chief underwriting officer of Radian specialty insurance subsidiary Inigo, Merrett will assess opportunities in relation to the company’s existing portfolio, exploring new markets, partnerships and avenues to scale its insurance and reinsurance businesses.
Craig Knightley was promoted to chief underwriting officer of Inigo as well. He will lead underwriting for the company’s insurance, reinsurance and partnerships businesses. Knightley joined Inigo at its founding, helping build the business and originating its Horizon and Inform programs.
Westcor Global names new executives
Westcor Global promoted Tavi Gomez to senior artificial intelligence solutions architect. In his new role, Gomez will lead the company’s AI initiatives within its engineering department, identifying emerging technologies, establishing best practices and developing solutions for customers and internal teams. He will lead proofs of concept, evaluate emerging AI platforms and design secure, scalable AI capabilities that integrate with Westcor Global’s existing technology architecture. Gomez will also develop reusable tools and frameworks and mentor colleagues interested in AI and machine learning.
The company also announced that Shandelle Thomas has joined as senior vice president of operations. Thomas brings more than two decades of leadership experience in the title and real estate services industry and will oversee operational strategy and execution. She has led teams and initiatives spanning escrow, title operations, auditing, technology, compliance and operational management. Thomas previously served as chair of the education committee and commercial escrow instructor for the Land Title Association of Colorado.
Westcor Land Title Insurance promotes two to regional roles
Westcor Land Title Insurance Company promoted Laura Licastro to regional underwriting counsel for Florida. Licastro has been with Westcor since January 2019. She is a board certified real estate attorney with more than nine years of experience as underwriting counsel for a national title underwriter. Prior to joining Westcor, she held a leadership role managing the Florida center of another major title insurer’s commercial services division.
The company also elevated Teresa Chiotti to director of Florida plant operations. Chiotti brings more than four decades of experience in the title insurance industry to her new role. She joined Westcor in 2014 as an agency representative and has since advanced through positions including assistant state manager and assistant vice president, Florida agency manager. She serves on the Florida Land Title Association’s government affairs committee and the forms committee as well.
First American appoints Darryl Button to board of directors
First American Financial Corporation, a provider of title, settlement and risk solutions, announced that Darryl Button has been appointed to the company’s board of directors. Button has served as president and CEO of Pacific Mutual Holding Company, the parent company of Pacific Life Insurance Company and Pacific Life & Annuity Company, since April 2022. Before becoming Pacific Life’s CEO, he served as the company’s chief financial officer from 2017 to 2021. Previously, Button served as chief financial officer of Aegon N.V., a global financial services holding company headquartered in the Netherlands, from 2013 to 2016, capping a 17-year tenure with Aegon.
Veriv adds four senior leaders to scale verification platform
Veriv, a Chicago-based financial verification network, announced four additions to its leadership team: Shepley Smith as chief technology officer, Jake Gutting as chief product officer, Rozel Kouadio as chief information security officer, data privacy and fraud risk officer, and Emily Nichols as head of global implementation.
Smith joined from Thread Bank, where he spent three years as chief product officer, and previously spent more than 10 years at Confirmation.com, rising to chief product officer before the company’s acquisition by Thomson Reuters.
Gutting brings more than 20 years of experience in financial technology, most recently serving as senior vice president of product management at Ncontracts. He previously held the chief product officer role at Confirmation.com.
Kouadio has 20 years of experience in information security leadership, joining from Reyes Holdings, where he served as global deputy chief information security officer, and previously held security leadership roles at Kraft Heinz.
Nichols joined from Tractor Supply’s corporate headquarters and previously spent six years in client operations at Confirmation.com.
Title Resources Group taps Robert Greenbaum as EVP
Title Resources Group, a Texas-based title insurance underwriter, appointed Robert Greenbaum as executive vice president, a role in which he will lead the company’s customer service efforts. Greenbaum brings more than 30 years of experience across marketing, sales, business strategy and communications in the real estate, mortgage and financial services industries. He joins from American Armed Forces Mutual Aid Association Mortgage Services, where he most recently served as chief marketing officer leading marketing and sales strategies. Prior to that, Greenbaum held senior leadership positions with Folio Investing, Fannie Mae, Mr. Cooper and NationsCredit.
Century Communities elevates Jim Francescon to president
Century Communities, a national homebuilder, announced that Jim Francescon has been promoted to president, effective January 1, 2027. In the role, he will oversee the company’s homebuilding operations, land, and related corporate functions. Francescon currently serves as executive vice president of corporate operations, where he has led the company’s acquisition strategy, including recent acquisitions of HistoryMaker Homes, Anglia Homes, and Landmark Homes of Tennessee. He joined Century in 2019 and previously served as president of Century Living, the company’s multifamily platform. Prior to joining Century, Francescon worked in private equity at GoldPoint Partners, a subsidiary of New York Life Investments, and in investment banking at J.P. Morgan Securities.
AI, accountability and the economics of evidence – Bank Underground
Benjamin Guin
Most discussion of AI in organisations focuses on productivity: as analysis becomes cheaper, decision-making should improve. This post argues that an important consequence lies elsewhere. Where the relevant information is accessible, a wider range of people can produce professionally presented analysis and submit it to decision-makers. Responsibility for decisions, however, remains concentrated and changes more slowly. Analysis may therefore proliferate faster than those accountable for decisions can assess it. The comparative advantage of institutions may increasingly lie in deciding what evidence to trust and act on, rather than in producing more analysis. This post explores that shift in settings where many people can generate evidence but few remain accountable for decisions, such as regulators assessing consultation responses or other forms of public input.
The result is a widening gap, illustrated schematically in Chart 1 as the two blades of a pair of scissors. The falling blade is the cost of producing analysis. The flatter blade is accountable attention: the capacity of those responsible for a decision to assess the evidence, decide what to rely on and justify that choice. While analytical capacity can be expanded through staff or technology, responsibility for the final judgement remains attached to specific individuals. Formal responsibilities can change, and staff and technology can help process evidence. But accountable attention is unlikely to expand as quickly as the supply of analysis. This creates a potential gap between what can be produced and what can inform accountable decisions. This suggests a possible shift in the binding constraint on organisational decision-making, from producing analysis to deciding what evidence to trust and act on.
Chart 1
Note: Stylised illustration; not drawn to data.
The falling blade: evidence production
The production side is by now well documented. Controlled studies find AI assistance delivers productivity gains, speeding up professional writing and analytical tasks by 25% to 40%, while the cost of obtaining a given level of AI capability has fallen dramatically. The Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority’s 2026 survey found 86% of UK financial services firms already using AI, up from 58% in 2022. Its use also extends beyond teams specialising in data analysis and modelling into compliance, legal and operational functions. Where the underlying information is available, the same shift can extend beyond the organisation: Individuals can now use general-purpose AI models to turn that information into a structured, referenced piece of analysis in minutes.
AI has sharply reduced the time and expertise needed to produce polished, well-structured analysis. Professional presentation, references and structure were all once useful, if imperfect, signals of effort and quality because they were costly to produce. As AI reduces those costs, those signals may become less informative for organisations receiving reports, applications and other material. Their challenge is therefore not simply handling more material. It is determining which claims can be independently verified, regardless of how they are produced.
The fixed blade: accountable attention
Attention, on its own, is more expandable, although constrained by resources. Committees hire secretariats, boards commission summaries and regulators expand triage teams. In the short run, accountability is harder to expand or delegate within existing governance arrangements. Under the Senior Managers and Certification Regime, responsibility in UK financial firms is assigned to named individuals through statements of responsibilities, the documents that map specific duties to each senior manager. Those responsibilities can be reassigned through formal processes, but the capacity for accountable decision-making does not automatically expand as more analysis is produced. Directors’ duties do the same for boards, while statutory objectives constrain regulators. Analysis may be produced by an ever wider set of actors, but responsibility for decisions remains attached to named individuals. The production of analysis may therefore change more rapidly than the accountability structures around it.
What is scarce, then, is not attention but accountable attention: the capacity to decide what evidence to rely on and to justify that choice. Committee structures, meeting frequencies and formal responsibilities can change, but not at the pace at which analysis can now be produced. Consider a regulator receiving 100 responses to a rule review rather than ten. Staff or AI can summarise them, but the person responsible for the decision must still decide which claims are reliable enough to influence the final judgement, and be able to explain that choice. Herbert Simon observed half a century ago that a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention. Reading and summarisation can be delegated. Ultimate responsibility for deciding which evidence to rely on cannot.
Put the two blades together and the tension is clear. The production of analysis can be redistributed quickly, while the allocation of accountability changes more slowly. Over time, specialist teams and AI tools may increasingly help screen and verify information. Even then, those responsible for decisions still need to decide which filters to trust and which evidence to rely on.
An illustration: the duty to review rules
The duty to review rules provides a useful illustration of how the mechanism described above might operate in practice. The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 inserted into FSMA 2000 a statutory duty on the UK financial regulators to keep their rules under review (section 29 – 3RA) and to publish a statement of policy on how they do so (section 29 – 3RB). The Financial Conduct Authority finalised its Rule Review Framework in January 2024; the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) published its statement on the review of rules in February 2024. Both include channels through which firms, trade bodies and members of the public can submit evidence that a rule is not working as intended.
When these arrangements were designed, producing a credible, well-evidenced submission typically required analysts, data and drafting time. AI can reduce some of those costs substantially, although access to relevant information remains an important constraint. The cost of generating a submission has therefore fallen sharply, whether the submitter is a firm, trade body or member of the public. Similar concerns have recently been raised elsewhere in the public sector, where AI-generated complaints, appeals and claims have been argued to risk overwhelming administrative processes. By reducing the expertise and resources needed to participate, AI may enable individuals and organisations to contribute evidence and perspectives that might otherwise not have been brought forward. The regulators weighing those submissions, however, continue to operate under the same statutory objectives and accountability arrangements.
The PRA rule review framework illustrates the kind of verification filter that may become more important as credible-looking analysis becomes cheaper to produce. It asks that feedback be ‘supported by relevant and verifiable empirical evidence, where possible’, with underlying assumptions clearly set out. That is a verification filter, not a volume filter. As credible-looking evidence becomes cheaper to produce, greater weight is likely to be placed on evidence that can be verified. Where the relevant information is available, firms, trade bodies and members of the public can now produce structured and credible-looking submissions at very low cost using general-purpose AI models. The volume of submissions received, and the share meeting the verifiability standard, may provide one way of testing the framework proposed here. If the mechanism operates as described, growth in submissions could outpace growth in submissions meeting the verifiability standard.
Why the bottleneck moves: unbundling
Historically, specialist analytical functions did more than produce analysis. They challenged assumptions, reconciled competing interpretations and filtered what reached decision-makers. As analysis is produced by a wider range of actors, it does not automatically receive the same level of challenge, scrutiny and filtering. A submission drafted by a firm’s operations team, a trade body or a member of the public may contain analysis, but it has not necessarily passed through those same processes. Over time, specialist teams and AI tools may increasingly perform that filtering role. Even then, those responsible for decisions still need to decide which filters to trust and which evidence to rely on. If evidence production expands faster than verification and judgement, the bottleneck may increasingly shift from producing analysis to deciding what evidence to rely on.
Doesn’t AI solve this too?
The obvious objection is that AI can integrate evidence as well as produce it, by summarising, comparing and flagging inconsistencies. It can. Some forms of verification may become cheaper. AI can help identify sources, check consistency and synthesise submissions. Harder questions remain about how much weight to place on competing evidence and what is sufficient to justify action. The argument is not that AI cannot support or automate decisions, but that accountability for those decisions often remains assigned to identifiable individuals or institutions. AI may also broaden participation and help organisations process larger volumes of information. Canada’s recent national AI consultation generated tens of thousands of responses from over 11,300 respondents, which the government analysed using large language models. This is where the argument becomes an empirical question rather than a certainty. Everything turns on whether the cost of integrating evidence falls as quickly as the cost of producing it. If it does, institutions may be able to absorb much of the additional volume. Even if AI reduces the volume problem, judgement about what evidence to rely on, and justify, may remain harder to automate.
What this implies
If the argument is right, institutions’ comparative advantage may increasingly lie in organising evidence rather than producing it: allocating accountable attention, ensuring conclusions are challenged before they harden, and demanding evidence that can bear the weight of a signature.
The rule review frameworks can be read as an early example of this shift. They are explicit statements of how evidence for regulatory change will be assessed, including requirements around verification. The emphasis is less on generating more evidence and more on determining what evidence can reasonably support action. More broadly, if credible-looking analysis continues to become cheaper to produce, institutions may need to invest more in the frameworks, processes, people and systems used to assess it.
The familiar organisational debate, centralise or decentralise, may therefore be the wrong axis. Evidence production is becoming easier to decentralise whether institutions choose it or not. Accountability is not. The challenge for institutions is not simply handling a larger volume of evidence. It is building the frameworks, processes and capabilities needed to distinguish credible-looking analysis from evidence that can reasonably support accountable decisions.
Benjamin Guin works in the Bank’s Strategy and Policy Approach Division.
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