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Business Administration Courses in Malayalam | Best Business Management Course | In Kerala

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Business Administration Courses in Malayalam | Best Business Management Course | In Kerala



🚀 How to Build a Successful Management Career After Graduation

Completing a degree alone isn’t enough to land a top management position. Many high-scoring graduates struggle because they lack the practical skills companies are looking for. In this video, we explain how you can boost your career by gaining expertise in HR, Finance & Accounts, Sales & Marketing, and Operations & Supply Chain Management.

Discover trending programs like Advanced Business Administration (ABA), offering multiple specializations such as Neuro Digital Marketing, Leadership Management, and Banking & Financial Services. In just 18 months, you can gain the skills that make you job-ready for competitive roles in India and abroad.

#ManagementCareer #AdvancedBusinessAdministration #ABAProgram #CareerSkills #BusinessAdministration #leadershipskills

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Will AI Lead to Higher or Lower Mortgage Rates?

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Will AI Lead to Higher or Lower Mortgage Rates?


There’s this theory that AI adoption will be “massively disinflationary.”

In that as the technology improves, we will see big production gains that lower the costs of everything.

Simply put, supply will greatly outstrip demand, making things cheaper.

This sounds like a good outcome for inflation and an environment that can invite lower interest rates, including cheaper mortgage rates.

But skeptics argue that AI could lead to structural unemployment that rate cuts can’t fix, meaning lowering rates would only help the wealthy and potentially overheat the economy in the process.

AI Is Expected to Lead to a Positive Supply Shock

An article came out yesterday in the Financial Times with asset manager Mike Hunstad arguing that AI could lead to “one of the biggest positive supply shocks we’ve ever seen.”

It sounds great on paper. AI makes everything less expensive and more abundant, leading to growth in the economy without the nagging inflation.

What’s not to like? That would mean we could also lower interest rates, something soon-to-be Fed chair Kevin Warsh has argued as well.

It seems to parallel the late 90s tech boom driven by the advent of the Internet, which allowed then-Fed chair Alan Greenspan to keep rates steady instead of raising them as growth exploded.

Back then, the federal funds rate doubled from 1994 to 1995 to cool the economy, but subsequently the Fed was able to hold rates flat because the Internet acted as a positive supply shock.

However, we all know that in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the dotcom bubble popped.

Partially because the Fed began raising rates again to cool an overheating stock market and excess demand, driven in part by the wealth effect of the Internet.

You can see some parallels today with AI stocks and wild valuations, but it pales in comparison to the dotcom era.

The other major difference is AI seems to be taking jobs away, while the Internet created jobs.

While there is hope that it eventually leads to job gains, as the Internet did, it might get worse before it gets better. And it could take quite a bit of time.

How AI May Affect Mortgage Rates

What this all means is AI may initially displace a lot of workers and lead to a positive supply shock. But it’s job cuts first, production gains later. Potentially way later.

This means higher unemployment, but also higher growth. And what’s unique this time is the Fed may think that cutting rates won’t actually induce new hiring if there aren’t skilled workers in the nascent AI space.

As such, you might have a situation of wait-and-see, which the Fed has kind of been doing for a while now after a large series of hikes followed by some cuts.

The predicament is that cutting rates might just exacerbate that K-shaped economy where the wealthy get even wealthier, and the low- and middle-class get worse off.

So standing pat or cutting a little bit more might be the move, as opposed to massive rate cuts.

If they cut too aggressively, it may lead to even more spending in the AI/tech space and more of that dotcom-era exuberance.

With valuations already high, whether it’s a house or a tech stock, this won’t be the desired outcome from the Fed.

They can’t cut their way into more tech jobs if people don’t have the necessary skills, at least not quickly. Nor can they risk inflation surging higher again.

This all kind of leads to a firm policy stance, though given Warsh was hired by Trump, who hasn’t been shy about wanting rate cuts, more cuts are certainly possible.

The end result is maybe slightly lower mortgage rates versus current levels.

We had a 30-year fixed sub-6% recently, before the war with Iran broke out, and perhaps we get back there late this year if that conflict subsides.

After that, it wouldn’t be shocking to see mortgage rates settle around those levels, though perhaps reach deeper into the 5s.

That would be just fine for the housing market, creating more demand without fueling a speculative frenzy again.

How the Timing Could Play Out

  • Rates flat/down slightly in next 12 months as unemployment rises and war tensions ease, despite continued growth and strong AI investment
  • Rates potentially up in mid-to-late 2027 if AI hype creates excessive demand for data centers, chips, energy, etc., putting upward pressure on inflation
  • Eventually we see a typical market correction due to the exuberance, albeit not as bad as dotcom
  • Downturn leads to a series of rate cuts and by extension mortgage rates come down further
  • But over longer time horizon AI adoption creates an environment of more jobs and low inflation similar to the established Internet era

(photo: Saundra Castaneda)

Colin Robertson
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Best 12-Month CD Rates for April 22, 2026: Up to 4.15%

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Best 12-Month CD Rates for April 22, 2026: Up to 4.15%


Certificates of deposit (CDs) remain one of the most reliable short-term savings tools, especially for those seeking guaranteed returns as rates fall. As of April 22, 2026, the best 12-month CD rates reach up to 4.15% APY (annual percentage yield), with many banks and credit unions still offering yields far above the national average of 1.53%, according to the FDIC. 

Over the last several weeks, many banks and credit unions have been raising their 12-month CD rate.

Now might be the best time to lock in a guaranteed rate. If you’re looking to earn a predictable return over the next year, these are the best CD rates available today.

💰 Today’s Best 12-Month CD Rates At a Glance

Here are the best bank and credit union savings accounts rates today:

Bank or Credit Union

Top APY

Minimum Deposit

Credit One Bank

4.15%

$100,000

Finworth

3.95%

$50,000

Live Oak Bank

3.90%

$2,500

Navy Federal Credit Union

3.75%

$1,000

Alliant Credit Union

3.75%

$1,000

1. Credit One Bank – Credit One Bank is offering a jumbo CD at 4.15% APY, but it does require a $100,000 minimum deposit to open.

2. Finworth – Finworth is a division of INSBANK and is currently offering a 12-month CD at 3.95% APY with a $50,000 minimum deposit.

3. Live Oak Bank – Live Oak Bank is currently offering a 12-month CD at 3.90% APY with a $2,500 minimum to open. Read more about Live Oak Bank here.

4. Navy Federal Credit Union – Navy Federal CU is currently offering a regular 12-month share certificate with just a $1,000 minimum at 3.70% APY. If you have $100,000, you can get the jumbo share certificate for 3.75% APY. Read our full Navy Federal Credit Union review here.

5. Alliant Credit Union – Alliant Credit Union offers short term and long term CDs with competitive APYs. Right now you can get 3.75% APY on a 12-month CD option! And you can even earn up to 3.80% APY on a Jumbo CD. Read our full Alliant Credit Union Review.

You can find a full list of the best 12-month CDs here >>

How 12-Month CDs Work

A 12-month certificate of deposit pays a fixed interest rate for one year in exchange for keeping your money on deposit until maturity. If you withdraw early, the bank charges a penalty – typically 90 days of interest.

CDs appeal to savers who prefer guaranteed, short-term returns. While high-yield savings accounts offer flexibility, CDs can secure a higher fixed return for a set period, which can be helpful if rates are expected to decline.

For example, a $25,000 CD at 4.00% APY would earn roughly $1,000 in one year, compared with about $383 based on today’s national average 12-month CD rate.

What To Know Before Opening A CD

Certificates of deposit operate differently than savings accounts. Make sure you understand what you’re getting:

  • Short-Term Goals: Ideal for saving toward tuition, a wedding, or a home down payment within a year.
  • Rate Protection: A CD locks your APY, so you’re insulated from rate cuts.
  • Ladder Strategy: Pair a 12-month CD with longer terms (24- or 36-month) to capture higher rates while maintaining liquidity.
  • Safety:
    FDIC or NCUA insurance protects up to $250,000 per depositor, per institution.

Before opening an account, make sure you understand all the terms:

  • Minimum Deposit: Some banks require $1,000 or more to open.
  • Withdrawal Terms: Review penalties before committing funds.
  • Renewal Policy: Many CDs automatically renew at maturity unless you opt out.
  • Rate Guarantees: Confirm whether your rate is locked at the time of application or funding.
  • Online Access: Ensure the bank allows easy transfers and e-statements.

How We Track And Verify Rates

At The College Investor, our editorial team reviews CD rates daily from more than 30 banks and credit unions nationwide. We confirm every APY directly from official rate disclosures and regulatory filings.

Only FDIC- or NCUA-insured institutions available to U.S. consumers are included.

Our rankings are editorially independent – compensation does not influence placement. While we may earn a referral fee when you open an account through some links, our reviews and recommendations are based solely on yield, accessibility, and overall customer experience.

FAQs

Are 12-month CDs safe?

Yes. CDs are federally insured up to $250,000 per depositor, per institution.

Can I withdraw my money early?

Yes, but you’ll forfeit some interest, typically three months’ worth.

Are CD earnings taxable?

Yes. Interest earned is subject to federal income tax, and in some states, state tax.

What happens when a CD matures?

You’ll usually have a 7- to 10-day grace period to withdraw or renew your funds.

Is now a good time to open a CD?

Rates remain near their cycle highs, so locking in a short-term CD can make sense before potential cuts.

Editor: Colin Graves

Reviewed by: Richelle Hawley

The post Best 12-Month CD Rates for April 22, 2026: Up to 4.15% appeared first on The College Investor.

Your Team Reflects Your Leadership Values

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Your Team Reflects Your Leadership Values


Catch the Full Episode:

Episode Overview

In this episode of the Duct Tape Marketing Podcast, host John Jantsch sits down with executive coach and author Aiko Bethea to explore the deeper reasons why teams struggle with communication, trust, and accountability. Drawing from her book Anchored, Aligned, Accountable, Aiko introduces a powerful framework for self-leadership that goes beyond surface-level tactics and addresses the internal beliefs and patterns—what she calls “BS”—that derail effective leadership.

The conversation unpacks how leaders can move from reactive behaviors driven by external validation to intentional actions grounded in core values. Aiko shares practical insights on navigating difficult conversations, fostering psychological safety, and recognizing the “shadow side” of values that can unintentionally hinder growth.

This episode is a must-listen for leaders seeking to build stronger relationships, create healthier team dynamics, and lead with clarity and accountability.

Guest Bio

Aiko Bethea is the founder and CEO of Rare Coaching & Consulting, where she serves as an executive coach to Fortune 100 companies and nonprofit organizations. She is the author of Anchored, Aligned, Accountable: A Framework for Transcending BS and Transforming Our Lives and Work, with a foreword by Brené Brown.

Aiko is a former director at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and a Dare to Lead™ Certified Facilitator. Her work focuses on helping leaders build self-awareness, navigate complexity, and create cultures rooted in trust and accountability.

Key Takeaways

1. Leadership Problems Are Often Values Problems

What appears as a communication breakdown is often rooted in misalignment with personal values. Leaders must identify and consistently act from their core values to build trust and clarity.

2. The “Anchored, Aligned, Accountable” Framework

  • Anchored: Know your core values
  • Aligned: Ensure your actions reflect those values
  • Accountable: Take responsibility for the impact of your actions

3. The Hidden “BS” That Derails Leaders

Limiting beliefs—such as scarcity, perfectionism, or the need for external validation—prevent leaders from operating authentically and confidently.

4. Values Have a Shadow Side

Even positive values like kindness can backfire. Avoiding difficult conversations in the name of kindness can lead to poor performance and misalignment.

5. Self-Awareness Is the Foundation of Leadership

Leaders must recognize how their behaviors impact others, especially when the outcomes don’t match their intentions.

6. Psychological Safety Starts with the Leader

Creating a safe environment requires modeling openness, inviting feedback, and responding constructively when challenged.

7. Accountability Goes Beyond Metrics

True accountability includes how results are achieved, not just whether targets are met. It’s about behaviors, relationships, and long-term impact.

Great Moments (Timestamps)

  • 00:01 – The real reason teams struggle with hard conversations
  • 01:46 – Why self-leadership is missing in organizations
  • 02:56 – Defining the “BS” that blocks effective leadership
  • 05:25 – The difference between having values and being anchored in them
  • 07:04 – The “shadow side” of positive values like kindness
  • 10:10 – Why self-awareness is essential for leadership success
  • 13:01 – Rethinking accountability beyond numbers
  • 15:17 – Navigating leadership as a woman of color
  • 17:38 – Practical ways to build psychological safety
  • 20:19 – Diagnosing when something feels “off” in relationships

Memorable Quotes

“What looks like a communication problem is often a values problem hiding underneath.”

“Your values have a shadow side—when overused, they can actually pull you out of alignment.”

“Accountability isn’t just about results—it’s about the impact of how you show up.”

Where to Connect with Aiko Bethea

Rise In Bitcoin Price Helps BTC Affiliated Public Firms Catch A Bid

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Bitcoin is trading higher. At the moment, Bitcoin is trading at over $79,000. A month ago, Bitcoin was trading under $70K.

While pundits claim this is due to a risk-on sentiment in the crypto markets, in part driven by growing banality around the war with Iran, publicly traded firms are benefiting from the rise in the BTC price as investors see alignment with the world’s most popular crypto.

Coinbase (NASDAQ:COIN) has regained its footing, even as crypto market infrastructure legislation (the CLARITY Act) stalls in the Senate and the state of New York files lawsuits against it. Today, shares are trading over 5% higher.

Strategy (NASDAQ: MSTR), a company effectively a Bitcoin proxy given the enormous size of its Bitcoin holdings, is trading up almost 10% for the day.

There are other Bitcoin-related firms that are not performing as well as the aforementioned public companies.

Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset, and it is still down from the beginning of the year when it traded around $90,000. Still, if the CLARITY Act gains support in the Senate, and even better, a stablecoin yield is part of the deal, a crypto firm’s trading on an exchange may see shares rise as prospects improve for the nascent digital asset sector.

 

 

 



The Mythos meeting focused on the wrong AI risk to banks. Here’s the one nobody is talking about

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The Mythos meeting focused on the wrong AI risk to banks. Here’s the one nobody is talking about



When Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Federal Reserve Chair Jay Powell convened the chief executives of leading U.S. banks earlier this month to discuss Anthropic’s latest model, Mythos, they signaled a shift in how artificial intelligence is being understood in finance. This was not a meeting about innovation but a warning: that models capable of identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities could pose a material risk to core financial infrastructure.

That concern is justified. But the focus remains too narrow.

In recent years, in discussions with leading financial institutions, I have seen how quickly concern rises once the adversarial uses of AI are understood. Yet the translation into action remains slow and uneven. Much of the current attention is focused on cyber risk. This is a serious threat. But it is not the only one and not the most immediate.

Alongside the risks highlighted by Mythos, a parallel threat is already unfolding at scale. It does not depend on new frontier models, but on AI capabilities that are already widely available. And unlike cyber attacks, which require access to systems, this threat operates by targeting people.

What Has Changed Is Not Just Sophistication — It’s Economics

Artificial intelligence has made fraud dramatically cheaper, easier to execute, and far more scalable. What once required time and coordination can now be automated and deployed at industrial scale. AI systems can generate thousands of convincing messages, voices and videos in seconds, each tailored to a specific individual. This is not incremental. It is structural.

Fraud has shifted from a manual activity to a machine-driven one. Hyper-personalised social engineering campaigns, often powered by AI agents, now operate across multiple channels, jurisdictions, and identities. They impersonate executives, advisers, or family members with increasing credibility, creating urgency and inducing authorised transfers.

In these scenarios, the system is not breached. It is bypassed.

The System Isn’t Hacked. The Customer Is Convinced.

Customers are not necessarily hacked. They are convinced. And because transactions are authorised, existing safeguards are often ineffective. Biometric checks can be defeated by deepfakes. Rule-based monitoring is calibrated to detect human fraudsters, not coordinated networks of AI agents operating at machine speed.

This creates a fundamentally different type of risk.

Unlike cyber attacks, which tend to be episodic and visible, AI-enabled fraud operates as a continuous and distributed leakage of funds across millions of transactions. It is a creeping threat: easier to execute, faster to scale, and often invisible until losses become material. The trajectory points toward trillions of dollars in losses in the coming years. 

The Risk Is Not Only Financial

If the public comes to believe that financial institutions cannot protect customers from manipulation and fraud, trust in the system will erode. The consequences will extend beyond losses. Friction will rise, customers will hesitate, and confidence in banks’ ability to safeguard money may weaken in ways no less damaging than cyber threats.

This is not a greater threat than cyber risk. It is a parallel one. And it deserves similar attention.

A Defense Redesign, Not an Incremental Fix

Most institutions still rely on fragmented data, legacy monitoring and human-led analysis that cannot keep pace with adaptive, AI-driven threats. A meaningful response requires architectural redesign: real-time, AI-native detection; integration of fraud, AML and behavioural signals; and the ability to intervene at the point of transaction, including in authorised payments.

It also requires moving from isolated to coordinated defence. Fraud campaigns target customers across institutions simultaneously, while controls remain siloed. Effective response depends on identifying patterns and campaigns in real time. Privacy and competition considerations remain important, but they can no longer justify structural blind spots. Privacy-preserving technologies offer a path forward, enabling institutions to share signals without exposing sensitive data.

In parallel, institutions need to adopt a “Defence AI” approach: using AI to defend against AI-driven threats. Human-only first lines of defence cannot scale. AI-native systems must support faster detection and response under human oversight.

Regulators Must Convene on This Too — Before the Catastrophe Arrives

The lesson from the Mythos moment is not only that AI can break systems. It is that the financial system is already being exploited in another way: that is less visible, more scalable and potentially just as corrosive.

If the financial system does not respond quickly, the consequences will be severe: rising losses, rising friction, and a significant erosion of public trust.

Regulators should be convening senior financial leaders on this issue, too, as a parallel AI risk, before a catastrophe that is already within reach of bad actors fully materialises. The financial system, the technology sector and policymakers must now recognise the scale of this vulnerability and act with far greater urgency.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

A Once in a Lifetime Investment Opportunity is Coming.

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A Once in a Lifetime Investment Opportunity is Coming.



Get the full Ultimate DCA Investing Strategy Guide [FREE]:

——————————————
Join ROIC Academy here:

——————————————
Nothing in this video constitutes tax, legal, financial and/or investment advice, nor does any information in this video constitute an invitation and/or solicitation to invest in a particular security. This video merely expresses the author’s opinion and should be viewed as such. Before proceeding with any investments, you should do your own research and seek advice from an independent licensed professional.
—————————————————————————————————————-
The author of this video does NOT accept liability for any investment decisions, as this video is provided only for educational and entertainment purposes. Although the author has endeavored for the information in this video to be correct and accurate, he does NOT assume liability nor does he guarantee that the data will be updated, correct and/or accurate at all times.

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Why an Unfinished Degree Can Help Your Resume (and How to List It)

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Editor’s Note: This story originally appeared on Zety.com.

You started a degree but didn’t finish it. Now you’re wondering, “Should I include my unfinished degree on my resume or leave it off?”

Here’s the good news: An unfinished degree can still work in your favor. Employers care about the skills and knowledge you gained, not just the diploma. The key is knowing how to present your incomplete degree clearly and honestly.

In this guide, you’ll discover when to include an unfinished degree on your resume and how to format it the right way.

Should You Include an Unfinished Degree on Your Resume?

You should include an unfinished degree on your resume if it’s relevant to the job or shows useful skills. If it doesn’t relate to the role or adds confusion, it’s better to leave it off.

Listing some college on a resume can still show progress, knowledge, and commitment. It tells employers you’ve gained training in a certain area, even if you didn’t finish the program.

When to Include an Unfinished Degree on Your Resume

Include an unfinished degree on your resume if:

  • The coursework relates to the job you’re applying for.
  • You gained skills that match the role.
  • It helps fill a gap in your work history.
  • You’re still actively working toward the degree.
  • You’re changing careers, and your coursework supports your new field.

When to Leave an Unfinished Degree Off Your Resume

Leave off an unfinished degree if:

  • The degree isn’t related to the job.
  • It’s very outdated and no longer relevant.
  • It makes your resume confusing or cluttered.
  • You have more relevant education or experience to highlight.
  • You started the degree a long time ago and haven’t used those skills since.

The most important thing is to keep it simple and accurate. As long as you don’t suggest you graduated, an unfinished degree can still add value to your resume.

How Do You List an Unfinished Degree on a Resume?

List your unfinished degree in the education section of your resume, including the school name, the degree you were or are currently working toward, and your dates of attendance. You can also add details like relevant coursework or credits if they support your application.

If You’re Still in School

If you’re still working toward your degree, list it as “in progress” or include your expected graduation date. This shows employers you’re actively studying and when you plan to finish.

Keep it simple and place it in your education section with your school and program. If your coursework relates to the job, you can also add a few relevant classes below your degree.

Here’s an example of how to list an in-progress degree on your resume:

Education

BA in Psychology, expected June 2026
University of Washington | Seattle, WA
Relevant Coursework: Cognitive Psychology, Research Methods, Statistics

Pro Tip: Place your education section above your work experience if it’s recent or relevant to the job. Otherwise, keep it below so your experience stands out more. This helps employers quickly see your academic progress and shifts the focus away from limited experience.

If You Have an Incomplete Degree

If you have an incomplete degree, you can still list it on your resume. The goal is to show what you started without making it seem like you finished. Keep it short and honest. Don’t try to explain why you didn’t finish. Instead, focus on the skills, credits, and experience you do have.

Use phrases like “coursework toward” or “completed coursework in.” In addition to relevant coursework, you can add the number of credits earned and any notable honors, like Dean’s List semesters or departmental scholarships.

Here’s an example of how to put some college on a resume:

Education

Coursework toward a BA in Communications
University of Florida | Gainesville, FL | 2021–2023
Completed: 45/120 credits
Dean’s List: Fall 2022
Completed Courses: Public Speaking, Media Writing, Digital Marketing

Unfinished Degree on Resume Examples

Below are examples of how to list unfinished degrees of various levels on your resume. Keep it honest and clear so employers can quickly see your education status and progress.

Incomplete Associate Degree

You can still list an incomplete associate degree on your resume if it shows useful coursework or helps explain your educational background. Include the credits you completed and any relevant classes you took so that employers understand your progress.

Here’s an example of how to list an unfinished associate degree on a resume:

Education

30 credits toward an AA in Business Administration
Seattle Central College, Seattle, WA
Relevant Coursework: Accounting Basics, Business Law, Economics

Incomplete Bachelor’s Degree

If you’re adding an incomplete bachelor’s degree to your resume, keep the focus on your relevant accomplishments, like coursework, projects, or credits earned.

If the degree isn’t relevant or doesn’t add value, you can leave it out and highlight certifications or work experience instead.

Here’s a sample education section with an incomplete bachelor’s degree:

Education

60/120 credits toward a BA in Computer Science
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ | 2021–2023
GPA: 3.7
Relevant Coursework: Programming Fundamentals, Data Structures, Web Development
Projects: Built a personal portfolio website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Only include your GPA on your resume if it helps your application. For example, a strong GPA (3.5 or higher) can be added for recent or relevant education. If your GPA is lower or not available, leave it off and focus on your coursework, credits, or skills instead.

Incomplete Master’s Degree

If you have an incomplete master’s degree, you can list it alongside any completed degrees on your resume if it helps show higher-level training or skills that match the job.

Here’s an example with a completed bachelor’s degree and an incomplete master’s degree:

Education

Master’s Coursework in Business Administration
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX | 2022–2023
Focused Study Areas: Leadership, Financial Analysis, Strategic Marketing
Capstone Project: Analyzed small business growth strategies for a local company

Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR | 2018–2022
Key Coursework: Marketing Principles, Organizational Behavior, Managerial Economics

Pro Tip: Make this section work for you. Highlight advanced coursework or relevant projects that show real-world skills. Keep anything unrelated short, or leave it off your resume.

Alternatives to College Degrees to Add to Your Resume

If you don’t want to list an incomplete degree on your resume, you still have plenty of options for showcasing continuing education and skills. Employers care about what you can do, and things like certifications, training programs, and hands-on learning can all help prove that.

Here are some strong alternatives to college degrees to include on your resume:

  • Online courses: Completed training from platforms like Coursera or Udemy
  • Bootcamps: Intensive programs in tech, design, data, or business
  • Certifications: Industry-recognized credentials or job-relevant certifications like Google Career Certificates, CompTIA, or Project Management Professional (PMP)
  • Professional training programs: Employer-led or industry training courses
  • Workshops and seminars: Short-term learning focused on specific skills
  • On-the-job training: Skills learned directly through work experience

Only list training that’s relevant to the job you’re applying for. This keeps your resume focused and easy to read while still showing what makes you a great fit for the job.

How to Address Incomplete Education in a Cover Letter

If you didn’t finish your degree, you can still mention it in your cover letter—just keep it short and simple. The goal is to be honest, then quickly move the attention to your skills and experience.

There’s no need to explain the full story. Instead, highlight what you learned and how you’ve used it since then. The key is to stay positive and confident when you write your cover letter.

Here’s an easy way to think about it:

  • Mention your education in one quick line.
  • Point out useful skills or coursework.
  • Move right into your experience or strengths.

For example:

I completed coursework toward a BA in Communications at the University of Florida, where I focused on writing and media studies. Since then, I’ve gained hands-on experience in content creation and digital marketing, building strong writing and editing skills along the way.

Don’t dwell on the unfinished degree. Keep the spotlight on what you can do and the results you’ve gotten so far. You can use our Cover Letter Generator for content ideas to get started.

Tips for Presenting Your Education Positively

When you’re listing an unfinished degree on your resume, show what you can do, not what’s missing. You don’t need to overexplain—just focus on your strengths and keep things clear and confident.

Here are a few tips:

  • Lead with your strongest sections: If your degree is incomplete, place sections like skills and experience above education so your most valuable strengths are seen first.
  • Focus only on relevant details: To create a targeted resume, only include education that directly supports the job you’re applying for, and remove anything that doesn’t.
  • Use clear labels: Start your education entry with wording like “Coursework toward BA,” “In progress,” or “Completed [X of Y] credits” so employers immediately understand your education status and don’t mistake an incomplete degree for a complete one.
  • Turn coursework into skills: Instead of only listing classes, describe what you did with them, such as “Built simple websites using HTML and CSS in coursework.”

Key Takeaways

Whether or not you completed your degree takes a back seat to the value that it can add to your resume. Keep these points in mind when you’re listing an unfinished degree on your resume:

  • You can include an unfinished degree if it adds value: Only list it if it shows relevant skills, training, or progress toward the job you want.
  • Be clear and honest about your status: Use simple labels like “coursework toward,” “in progress,” or “credits completed” so employers don’t assume you graduated.
  • Focus on what you have completed: Highlight coursework, credits, and projects that show real skills and match the role.
  • Put your strongest content first if needed: If your degree is unfinished, lead with skills, experience, or certifications instead of education.
  • Keep your resume clean and relevant: Only include education details that help you get the job, and leave out anything that adds confusion or clutter.

Meet the man who invents new potato varieties for your potato chips: 5 new variants in the last 15 years

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Meet the man who invents new potato varieties for your potato chips: 5 new variants in the last 15 years



Researchers have spent decades developing potatoes for chip makers that can grow in all kinds of climates, avoid diseases and pests, sit in storage for months and still deliver a satisfying crunch. They’ve also kept an eye on consumer trends; a shift to snack-size portions has increased the demand for smaller chipping potatoes, for example.

“The potato industry is dynamic,” said David Douches, a Michigan State University professor who leads the school’s Potato Breeding and Genetics Program. “The needs change, the costs, the pressures that they have, and the markets change. So we have to adapt to that with our varieties.”

Douches has developed five new potato varieties for chips in the the last 15 years. His latest breakthrough is a bioengineered potato that can maintain a proper sugar balance when stored at colder temperatures, which can help keep potatoes from rotting. He is currently growing seeds for commercial testing of the potato, which is not yet on the market.

Douches’ work helps fight world hunger; he has developed disease-resistant varieties for farmers in Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda and Bangladesh. But he’s also helping U.S. chip makers, grateful snackers and Michigan’s $2.5 billion potato industry. While Idaho leads the U.S. in potato production, Michigan is the top producer of potatoes for chips.

There are around 50 unique potato varieties grown for chips in the U.S. right now, according to the National Chip Program, a cooperative that brings together Michigan State and 11 other university breeding programs with growers, companies that make chips, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Efforts to improve those varieties are constant. The National Chip Program evaluates around 225 new potato varieties each year and selects 100 for further trials, said Tim Rendall, the director of production research at Potatoes USA, a trade group that oversees the chip program.

The close partnership between researchers, farmers and potato chip companies is unusual in the food industry, said Phil Gusmano, the vice president of purchasing at Better Made Snack Foods, which has produced potato chips in Detroit since 1930. Better Made worked closely with Douches when he was developing two of the varieties the company uses now, Gusmano said.

“We were able talk about size profile and different needs that make a really good chip,” Gusmano said. “And the great thing is, they’re willing to listen to what we have to say, because if they put together a potato that doesn’t really meet the needs for the end processor, it doesn’t do them any good.”

Breeding a new type of potato can take up to 15 years, Douches said. The simple potato has a surprisingly complicated genetic structure, with four chromosomes in each cell compared to two in most species, including humans. That makes it harder to predict which traits that cross-bred plants will inherit, he said.

“We’re never able to fix a trait and carry that over to the next generation, so it’s very difficult to find a potato that has all the traits that we want,” Douches said.

Douches became fascinated with potato breeding and genetics while in graduate school. At Michigan State, he focuses on chipping potatoes, since Michigan is a leading producer. Around 70% of the state’s potato crop is destined for chip processing, according to the Michigan Ag Council. The trade group estimates that one of every four bags of potato chips produced in the U.S. contains Michigan potatoes.

Breeding potatoes that can sit in storage for nearly a year has been one of the biggest challenges in Douches’ 40-year career. Historically, farmers harvested potatoes and then stored them in huge piles at around 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius). Temperatures any colder cause sugar levels to rise in the root vegetables, and higher sugar content leads to darker potato chips. But warmer storage conditions can lead to rot.

“You think they’re just these inanimate objects, but they actually are respiring and breathing,” Douches said. “When you do that to them, you’ve got, like, a two- to three-day window where they’re happy.”

His Manistee variety, which was released in 2013, can be safely stored until July at 45 F (7.2 C) degrees. His new bioengineered potato can be stored at 40 F (4.4 C).

Gusmano said Better Made used to source potatoes from outside of Michigan for half the year because the Michigan potatoes it harvested in the fall only could be stored until February. The company now uses newer varieties, like Douches’ Mackinaw potato, which can be stored until July and is resistant to several common diseases.

“We’re not shipping potatoes from all over the country to be fried here in Michigan,” Gusmano said. “Instead, they’re being shipped from an hour and a half away all year long.”

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