The Bank of England has published proposed rules for privately issued stablecoins. This sector of Fintech may become the new, improved payment rails that provide instant transfers and payments at a lower cost than legacy providers. The rules have encouraged some participants in the stablecoin business. Below is a series of comments CI received from Fintech insiders on the banks’ approach to stablecoin issuance and usage.
The Chief Partnership Officer at Equals, Matthijs Boon, says that until recently, regulation has inhibited the institutional adoption of stablecoins. The Bank of England’s sterling-denominated stablecoin policy is welcome because it recognizes stablecoins as a means of payment rather than as an investment or a store of value.
“Enabling systemic stablecoins to directly access payment systems is an important step towards enabling near-instant settlement with pound sterling-denominated stablecoins,” says Boon. “However, these are initial steps, and regulation is only part of the story. To support mainstream adoption, businesses need regulated payment partners that can manage the operational complexity of introducing a new payment method. As with any payment innovation, success depends on balancing trust and security with simplicity – stablecoin payments will, in time, be commonplace alongside existing treasury, compliance, and payment workflows, and regulated payment partners have an important role in making that transition happen.”
Shantnoo Saxsena, CEO and founder of Encryptus, a regulated cross-border payments infrastructure provider, says the decision to remove individual ownership caps and lower reserve requirements is a welcome step forward. At the same time, the £40 billion issuance limit suggests that policymakers are still focused on the wrong risk.
“The framework assumes stablecoins primarily compete with domestic bank deposits, when much of the demand is driven by cross-border payments. Migrant workers in the UK send more than £9 billion abroad each year, often losing 6-8% of every transfer to correspondent banking fees and delays. A £40 billion cap on sterling stablecoins may sound generous, but it effectively keeps the infrastructure at pilot scale while dollar stablecoins issued elsewhere are already supporting real remittance flows,” states Saxsena. “We operate under US state licensing through Anzens [issuer of USDA, a dollar stablecoin], where regulators focus on reserve quality, redemption rights, and consumer protections rather than imposing artificial limits on growth. The UK now stands alone among major jurisdictions in capping stablecoin issuance in its own currency. That distinction will matter when payment networks and infrastructure providers decide where to invest and build.”
A £40 billion cap on sterling stablecoins may sound generous, but it effectively keeps the infrastructure at pilot scale while dollar stablecoins issued elsewhere are already supporting real remittance flows
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The CEO of RS2, Radi El Haj, describes the Bank of England’s proposed framework as an important step for the UK and indicates how quickly the stablecoin market has developed. He notes that Europe has already enacted MiCA, the US has approved stablecoin legislation, and other regions are moving forward.
“Dollar-backed stablecoins already dominate global trading and settlement, while GBP stablecoin volumes remain relatively small,” El Haj says. “The UK has not missed its opportunity; the opportunity has changed. Success will not come from launching the highest number of stablecoins, but from making stablecoins work as part of the wider payments ecosystem by integrating with the infrastructure that supports issuing, acquiring, settlement, reconciliation, and reporting at scale.”
Dollar-backed stablecoins already dominate global trading and settlement, while GBP stablecoin volumes remain relatively small
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He sees the Bank of England’s focus on reserve quality, redemption, and operational resilience as reflecting a broader shift in the market. The discussion has moved from whether stablecoins work, and now the priority is whether users can trust stablecoins at scale. The trust arrives from transparency and operational resilience across payment flows and risk.
“Payments have followed this pattern before. Cards, digital wallets and real-time payments achieved widespread adoption because infrastructure, regulation and trust developed together. Stablecoins are following the same path. The challenge now is not creating digital money. The challenge is operating it safely, reliably and consistently across markets, institutions and regulatory environments. That will decide whether stablecoins become a meaningful part of global payments or remain a niche technology,” states El Haj.
Payments have followed this pattern before. Cards, digital wallets and real-time payments achieved widespread adoption because infrastructure, regulation and trust developed together. Stablecoins are following the same path
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Torab Torabi, CEO of Movement, a settlement and yield layer for stablecoins that reports access to licensed payment rails across the European Union, believes the Bank of England has realized that in order to compete with the US, it must completely rethink its stablecoin strategy. This is great news for the UK and the pound
“The Bank of England has capped each systemic sterling stablecoin at £40 billion, but that’s not enough to compete on the global stage. USDT is already past $180 billion in stablecoin minting. Yield is the other half of the equation, and the coins that earn for the people holding them are the ones that win distribution. The networks that solve payments and yield in the same place are the ones that will define this category,” adds Torabi.
The Bank of England has capped each systemic sterling stablecoin at £40 billion, but that’s not enough to compete on the global stage. USDT is already past $180 billion in stablecoin minting
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Theo Golden, Head of Digital Assets at Baillie Gifford, calls the Bank of England’s proposal on stablecoins exactly what the UK needs. He says this is pro-growth regulation and stablecoins are a key piece of the tokenization puzzle. Onchain infrastructure will make financial markets more resilient, efficient, efficent and useful, says Golden
“Stablecoins will only become trusted money if they are built on familiar regulation, proper oversight, and clear accountability. This approach by the BoE comprises each of these elements,” Gifford says. “There is a good balance between giving innovators a credible route to scale in the UK, while protecting consumers, financial stability and the integrity of sterling. This is how Britain should lead in digital finance: not by racing to the bottom, but by setting world-class rules that attract world-class firms.”
There is a good balance between giving innovators a credible route to scale in the UK, while protecting consumers, financial stability and the integrity of sterling
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Gifford says they are excited to see the progress while wondering if this will include settlement for wholesale markets.
“The foundations for tokenization regulation already exist in many areas; what matters now is bringing the remaining pieces of market infrastructure into line with the standards expected across established financial markets. The opportunity for the UK is not to create a lower-standard version of finance onchain, but to apply its existing strengths to new infrastructure and help tokenization become a serious part of how markets operate.”
Zumo founder and CEO Nick Jones adds to the laudatory comments on the bank’s proposal, stating that this shows policymakers can back up their rhetoric and are finally working with industry to ensure the framework will work.
“This is great news for the sector to wake up to this week. It shows policymakers are backing their rhetoric and are committed to really working with the industry to arrive at a framework that suits all stakeholders. Perhaps most importantly, it will encourage the serious stablecoin players, such as Tether and Circle, to engage more meaningfully with the UK market, having understandably previously been put off by the initial draft rules.”
This is great news for the sector to wake up to this week. It shows policymakers are backing their rhetoric and are committed to really working with the industry to arrive at a framework that suits all stakeholders
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Like others, Jones sees ownership limits as stifling innovation and putting the UK at a competitive disadvantage.
“It would have also been at odds with the driving idea of providing genuine choice in our future financial system. By shelving these restrictive plans in favor of a more operationally viable issuance limit, the Bank of England can achieve the same policy outcomes without hampering business models. It’s also important that the Bank has recognized valid industry concerns and lowered the proportion of assets backing stablecoins that must be held in zero-interest central bank deposits. Increasing the maximum share held in interest-bearing assets to 70% will help to significantly boost issuers’ profitability, enabling them to generate higher yields on their reserve funds while ensuring the remaining 30% held in central bank deposits maintains adequate liquidity for prompt redemptions.”
Jones predicts the updated rules will make it more attractive to launch pound sterling stablecoins, describing the bank’s proposal as a “timely injection of confidence” the UK needs.
Mark Fairless, CEO of ClearBank, believes there is more work to be done. While welcoming the proposal, he believes the UK cannot win this global race if sterling stablecoins are less commercially viable or less useful than dollar stablecoins or euro-based options.
While the “direction of travel is encouraging” and the bank is listening to industry insiders, further progress is needed to ensure the framework does not constrain sustainable business models.
“Beyond these new rules today, there is a bigger problem, which is that it is near impossible for banks to issue stablecoins in a commercially viable way, meaning the UK is playing catch-up with its global counterparts,” Fairless states. “The endgame should be a truly risk-based framework rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, otherwise the UK is in danger of leaving sterling stablecoins at the starting line while other markets move ahead.”
Beyond these new rules today, there is a bigger problem, which is that it is near impossible for banks to issue stablecoins in a commercially viable way, meaning the UK is playing catch-up with its global counterparts
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Xapo Bank Executive Director and Regulatory Affairs Officer Joey Garcia sees the proposal as indicative of the bank’s willingness to take feedback into account, which is good for the UK Fintech sector and a “vital course correction.”
“By shifting away from an overly severe risk lens, UK regulators are setting the UK on a course to maintain pace with the progress already seen in the US, EU, and other major jurisdictions. Critically, a more flexible regime paves the way for a robust sterling stablecoin ecosystem, mitigating the very real risk of the UK market being completely dominated by US Dollar-denominated digital assets. This pragmatic approach will help safeguard the UK’s ambition to remain a leading global hub for financial innovation,” shares Garcia. “Imposing preemptive holding limits of £20,000 and forcing issuers to hold 40% of backing assets in unremunerated deposits would have strangled the UK stablecoin market at birth. By reconsidering these heavy-handed proposals, the Bank of England is choosing to foster digital asset utility rather than restrict it. Regulation must allow for innovation while managing risk, and this decision demonstrates a willingness to engage in a proportionate, constructive dialogue with the industry. It signals that the UK is open for digital finance.”
Critically, a more flexible regime paves the way for a robust sterling stablecoin ecosystem, mitigating the very real risk of the UK market being completely dominated by US Dollar-denominated digital assets
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Garcia says the progress is welcome, but questions remain regarding the feasibility and workings of issuance caps, along with concerns about competitiveness and issuer business models “that are constrained to having only 70% of their backing assets capable of remuneration.”
“We look forward to engaging with the Bank of England on further refining these proposals, in line with the House of Lords Financial Services Regulatory Committee’s recommendations, to ensure a truly world-leading outcome.”